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Emanuel Swedenborg

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Emanuel Swedenborg was a Swedish polymath who lived from 1688 to 1772.

Emanuel Swedenborg full portrait
Emanuel Swedenborg full portrait

A polymath is a person who excels in many different fields of study. Swedenborg was a scientist, an engineer, an astronomer, and an anatomist. He was also a Christian theologian, a philosopher, and a mystic. His life is often viewed as having two distinct phases. The first phase focused on natural science and engineering. The second phase focused on spiritual revelations and theology. He is perhaps most famous for his 1758 book, *Heaven and Hell*.

Arcana Caelestia 0001
Arcana Caelestia 0001

Swedenborg's interest in spirituality likely began with his father, Jesper Swedberg. Jesper was a bishop and a member of the Lutheran Pietist movement. Pietism emphasized personal communion with God. Jesper also held unconventional beliefs about spirits and angels. He believed these beings were present in everyday life. These ideas had a strong impact on Emanuel's later spiritual life.

Swedenborg House
Swedenborg House

Emanuel's upbringing in a religious household provided a foundation for his later theological work.

During his early career, Swedenborg was a prolific inventor and scientist. In 1716, he met King Charles XII of Sweden. He hoped to secure funding for an observatory in northern Sweden. While the King did not fund the observatory, he appointed Swedenborg to the Swedish Board of Mines.

Swedenborg, Emanuel – Principia rerum naturalium, 1734 – BEIC 12838559
Swedenborg, Emanuel – Principia rerum naturalium, 1734 – BEIC 12838559

In this role, Swedenborg worked on various engineering projects. He designed water pumps, a system of sluices for transporting boats, and even a submarine. He also sketched a flying machine in 1714.

Swdbg2
Swdbg2

He published a scientific periodical called *Daedalus Hyperboreus* to record his mechanical discoveries.

In the 1730s, Swedenborg turned his attention to anatomy and physiology. His studies of the human body were remarkably advanced for his time. He anticipated the concept of the neuron a century before it was fully understood. He also made observations about the cerebral cortex and the nervous system. He studied the functions of the pituitary gland and the localization of cerebrospinal fluid. Some of his conclusions regarding the brain have been verified by modern science.

Swedenborg House
Swedenborg House

He sought to understand how matter relates to the human soul.

Swedenborg's scientific methodology was deeply rooted in his philosophical views. In his work *Opera Philosophica et Mineralia*, he used experience, geometry, and reason. He believed geometry was the way to know the inner order of the world. This work gained him international fame, particularly for his analysis of smelting iron and copper. He also explored cosmology and presented an early version of the nebular hypothesis.

Immanuel Kant - Gemaelde 1
Immanuel Kant - Gemaelde 1

Some scholars note that his ideas on this topic preceded those of Immanuel Kant by about 20 years.

In 1741, at age 53, Swedenborg entered a spiritual phase. He began to experience dreams and visions, notably during Easter 1744. He believed he received a revelation from Jesus Christ. He felt appointed to write *The Heavenly Doctrine* to reform Christianity. Swedenborg claimed his spiritual eyes were opened to visit heaven and hell. He reported conversing with angels, demons, and other spirits. He believed a Last Judgment had occurred in 1757. Over the final 28 years of his life, he published 18 theological works.

Today, Swedenborg's legacy continues through various groups and fields. The New Church, or Swedenborgianism, is a Christian denomination founded in 1787. This group reveres his writings as divine revelation. There are different views on his books. Some followers believe only the works he published himself are fully inspired. Others believe all his theological writings are equally trustworthy.

His scientific contributions remain relevant to the history of medicine and physics. His life demonstrates how a single person can bridge the gap between science and faith.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Hornsgatan 43 Emanuel Swedenborg Stockholm 2005-06-17 013.jpg
Hornsgatan 43 Emanuel Swedenborg...
File:Swdbg2.jpg
Swdbg2.jpg
File:Arcana Caelestia 0001.jpg
Arcana Caelestia 0001.jpg
File:Swedenborgs lusthus 2010.jpg
Swedenborgs lusthus 2010.jpg
File:Grab Emanuel Swedenborg.jpg
Grab Emanuel Swedenborg.jpg
File:Immanuel Kant - Gemaelde 1.jpg
Immanuel Kant - Gemaelde 1.jpg
File:Emanuel Swedenborg full portrait.jpg
Emanuel Swedenborg full portrait.jpg
Wayfarers Chapel, also known as "The...
File:Swedenborg, Emanuel – Principia rerum naturalium, 1734 – BEIC 12838559.jpg
Swedenborg, Emanuel – Principia rerum...
File:Swedenborg House.jpg
Swedenborg House.jpg
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