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Hildegard of Bingen

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Hildegard of Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath during the High Middle Ages.

Hildegard von Bingen. Line engraving by W. Marshall. Wellcome V0002761
Hildegard von Bingen. Line engraving by W. Marshall. Wellcome V0002761

A polymath is a person with deep knowledge in many different fields. Hildegard was a writer, a composer, a philosopher, and a mystic. She also worked as a medical practitioner and a visionary. Many scholars consider her a founder of scientific natural history in Germany. Because of her diverse talents, she is one of the most famous figures of her era.

Meister des Hildegardis-Codex 004
Meister des Hildegardis-Codex 004

Hildegard's life was defined by her unique spiritual experiences. She described seeing visions from a very young age. She called this experience the "Shade of the Living Light." These visions were not just visual. She experienced them through all five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. In 1141, at age 42, she felt a divine command to write down her experiences. This led her to create three major volumes of visionary theology. These works include *Scivias*, *Liber vitae meritorum*, and *Liber divinorum operum*.

07angels-hildegard von bingen
07angels-hildegard von bingen

Her first major work, *Scivias*, is divided into three distinct parts. The first part contains six visions regarding the order of creation. It describes the structure of the universe as being shaped like an egg. The second part contains seven visions about the order of redemption. This section covers topics like the Trinity and the history of the church. The final part contains thirteen visions that recap the history of salvation. These visions often used strange and enigmatic symbols to explain deep ideas.

Meister des Hildegardis-Codex 004
Meister des Hildegardis-Codex 004

Hildegard's monastic life involved significant leadership and struggle. She was raised in the monastery at Disibodenberg. She lived there with a woman named Jutta, who taught her to read and write. After Jutta died in 1136, the community elected Hildegard as their mother superior. Hildegard sought more independence for her nuns from the monks. She eventually moved her community to the Rupertsberg monastery in 1150. In 1165, she founded a second monastery at Eibingen.

Hildegard of bingen and nuns
Hildegard of bingen and nuns

Beyond theology, Hildegard made massive contributions to music and language. She is one of the most important composers of sacred monophony. Monophony is a style of music consisting of a single melodic line. She is one of the few medieval composers known to have written both the music and the lyrics. More of her musical chants survive than those of any other composer from the Middle Ages.

Riesencodex - fl.0466r
Riesencodex - fl.0466r

She also invented a constructed language called *Lingua Ignota*. This was a unique system of words that she created herself.

Litterae ignotae
Litterae ignotae

Hildegard was also a prolific correspondent and medical writer. She wrote nearly 400 letters to many different people. Her letters reached powerful figures like popes and emperors. She also wrote two volumes regarding natural medicine and cures. Her scientific interest extended to botany and the study of the natural world. This work helped bridge the gap between spiritual belief and physical science. Her many writings were eventually gathered into a massive manuscript called the *Riesenkodex*. This collection contains 481 folios of vellum bound in pig leather.

Her legacy was officially recognized by the Catholic Church in the modern era. For centuries, regional calendars had listed her as a saint. In 2012, Pope Benedict XVI extended her liturgical cult to the entire Church. This process is known as "equivalent canonization." Later that same year, he named her a Doctor of the Church. This title was given because of her holiness and her original teaching. Today, her music remains highly recorded and her ideas continue to be studied by many.

Hildegard map
Hildegard map
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:07angels-hildegard von bingen.jpg
07angels-hildegard von bingen.jpg
File:Meister des Hildegardis-Codex 004.jpg
Meister des Hildegardis-Codex 004.jpg
File:Riesencodex - fl.0466r.jpg
Riesencodex - fl.0466r.jpg
File:Hildegard of bingen and nuns.jpg
Hildegard of bingen and nuns.jpg
File:Litterae ignotae.png
Litterae ignotae.png
File:Hildegard map.jpg
Hildegard map.jpg
File:Hildegard von Bingen. Line engraving by W. Marshall. Wellcome V0002761.jpg
Hildegard von Bingen. Line engraving by...
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