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Ellipsis

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

An ellipsis is a punctuation mark made of three dots.

Iddots black
Iddots black

People often call it "dot dot dot" in casual speech. This tiny mark helps writers show things that are not written down. It can represent a pause in a person's speech. It can also show an unfinished thought or a nervous silence. Sometimes, it is used to suggest feelings like longing or sadness. In poetry, it might mark a pause in a thought or a line break.

Menu (computing) example
Menu (computing) example

There are many ways to use these dots in writing. One common way is to leave out parts of a quote. This is called an intentional omission. It helps news reporters make long quotes shorter and easier to read. In these cases, the dots are often put inside square brackets. This shows that the words were removed for brevity or relevance. An ellipsis can also imply an unstated idea. For example, saying "I never drink wine ..." suggests the speaker drinks something else.

History shows that these marks have been used for a long time. One early use of the ellipsis dates back to 1588. A man named Maurice Kyffin used them in a translation of a play called Andria. However, his version used short dashes instead of dots. The use of these marks grew much more popular later on. By 1627, a translation of the same play used 29 of them. Famous writers like William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson also used them in their plays. Some writers, like Jane Austen and Virginia Woolf, have also championed their use.

Rules for how to draw an ellipsis can change depending on the guide. The Chicago Manual of Style says to put a space between each dot. The AP Stylebook says to use no spaces between the dots at all. When a sentence ends with an ellipsis, some guides say to use four dots. This includes three dots for the ellipsis and one dot for the period. In the United States, legal writing follows specific rules in the Bluebook. It requires dots to be separated by spaces to make them clear. Different styles help make sure the reader understands the writer's intent.

Different languages have their own special ways to use these marks. In Poland, the ellipsis is called "wielokropek," which means "multidot." In Russia, writers combine the ellipsis with other marks like exclamation points. Japanese writing often uses six dots instead of just three. These are called "3-ten rīdā," or "3-dot leaders." In Japanese manga or video games, you might see these dots used very often. Whether using three dots or six, they all help us understand what is left unsaid.

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