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Edgar Degas

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Edgar Degas was a prominent French artist known for his mastery of diverse media.

Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
Edgar Degas (1834-1917)

He produced oil paintings, pastel drawings, bronze sculptures, and prints. While many people group him with the Impressionists, he preferred the label of a realist. He focused on capturing the complexities of modern life rather than painting outdoors. His work is most famous for its depiction of movement and human form.

Edgar Degas - The Ballet Class - Google Art Project
Edgar Degas - The Ballet Class - Google Art Project

More than half of his entire body of work features dancers. He also explored subjects like racehorses, jockeys, and portraits. His portraits are noted for their psychological complexity and sense of human isolation.

Degas followed a very specific and disciplined artistic process. He was a superb draftsman, meaning he had exceptional skill in drawing lines. He followed the advice of the artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, who told him to draw lines from both life and memory.

Edgar Degas, Self-Portrait, c. 1855, NGA 73867
Edgar Degas, Self-Portrait, c. 1855, NGA 73867

This rigorous training allowed him to render movement with great accuracy. In his later years, he even integrated photography into his creative workflow. He used photographs of dancers and nudes as references for his drawings and paintings. This helped him capture precise postures and fleeting moments in time.

His artistic output can be divided into several distinct stages and subjects. Early in his career, he aimed to be a history painter. This involved studying classical Western art and following strict academic traditions. He spent three years in Italy studying Renaissance masters like Michelangelo and Raphael. During this time, he often focused on small details, such as a single head, to treat as a portrait. Later, his focus shifted toward contemporary subject matter. This transition was influenced by meeting the artist Édouard Manet in 1864. He moved from grand historical scenes to the everyday realities of Parisian life.

Degas's life was shaped by his family background and his education. He was born in Paris in 1834 to a moderately wealthy family. His father was a banker, and his mother was a Creole from New Orleans.

Cottonexchange1873-Degas
Cottonexchange1873-Degas

After his mother died when he was thirteen, his father and uncles became his main influences. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts under Louis Lamothe. In 1861, he began making his first studies of horses after visiting a friend. By 1865, he began exhibiting his work at the Salon, a major art exhibition in France. These early years established the technical foundation for his future success.

Significant life events forced Degas to change how he lived and worked. During the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he joined the National Guard to defend Paris. It was during rifle training that he discovered he had defective eyesight.

Edgar Degas - In a Café - Google Art Project 2
Edgar Degas - In a Café - Google Art Project 2

Later, he stayed in New Orleans with relatives. One of his works from this period, *A Cotton Office in New Orleans*, was his only painting purchased by a museum during his lifetime. Financial struggles also changed his career path. After his father died, he had to sell his house and art collection to pay his brother's debts. This forced him to rely on selling his own artwork for income starting in 1874.

Degas played a central role in the development of modern art movements. He was a leading organizer for the Impressionist exhibitions held between 1874 and 1886.

However, he had many conflicts with other members of the group. He mocked landscape painters like Claude Monet for working *en plein air*, which means painting outdoors. Degas believed art should result from reflection and study rather than spontaneity. He also insisted on including non-Impressionist artists in the group's shows. His complicated relationship with the group contributed to the movement's disbanding in 1886.

As he aged, Degas's personal life and health became increasingly difficult. His eyesight deteriorated significantly after 1890, making it hard to work. He continued to make art, including pastels and sculptures, as late as 1910.

Edgar Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, 1878-1881, NGA 110292
Edgar Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, 1878-1881, NGA 110292

His social connections also faded due to his argumentative nature and his involvement in the Dreyfus Affair controversy. He spent his final years nearly blind, wandering the streets of Paris. He died in September 1917. His legacy remains tied to his ability to observe and document the shifting movements of the modern world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Edgar Degas (1834-1917).jpg
Edgar Degas (1834-1917).jpg
File:Edgar Degas, Self-Portrait, c. 1855, NGA 73867.jpg
Edgar Degas, Self-Portrait, c. 1855, NGA 73867.jpg
File:Cottonexchange1873-Degas.jpg
Cottonexchange1873-Degas.jpg
File:Edgar Degas - The Ballet Class - Google Art Project.jpg
Edgar Degas - The Ballet Class - Google...
File:Pellegrinibydegas.jpg
Pellegrinibydegas.jpg
File:Edgar Degas - In a Café - Google Art Project 2.jpg
Edgar Degas - In a Café - Google Art Project 2.jpg
File:Edgar Degas Place de la Concorde.jpg
Edgar Degas Place de la Concorde.jpg
File:Edgar Degas - The Orchestra at the Opera - Google Art Project 2.jpg
Edgar Degas - The Orchestra at the Opera...
File:Edgar Degas - At the Races.jpg
Edgar Degas - At the Races.jpg
File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029.jpg
Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029.jpg
File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 044.jpg
Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 044.jpg
File:Edgar Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, 1878-1881, NGA 110292.jpg
Edgar Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen,...

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