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Eastern Anatolia region

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Eastern Anatolia is a large geographical region located in the easternmost part of Turkey. It is a significant area that accounts for 20.9% of the total land area of the country. The region is characterized by its high elevation and diverse landscapes. It serves as a major part of the Turkish landscape, containing many mountains and large bodies of water. This region is also a meeting point for several different territories and mountain systems.

Armenian Highlands
Armenian Highlands

The region shares borders with many different places. To the north, it touches the Black Sea Region and the country of Georgia. Its western border meets Turkey's Central Anatolia Region. In the south, it is bounded by the Mediterranean Region, the Southeastern Anatolia Region, and the country of Iraq. To the east, the region borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. In these eastern areas, Eastern Anatolia converges with the South Caucasus region and the Lesser Caucasus mountain plateau.

Geography in this region is defined by high altitudes and varied landforms. The average altitude is very high, making it the highest of the seven Turkish regions. The landscape consists of plains, plateaus, and massifs, which are large groups of mountains. There are three main massif lines that run from north to south. The northern line includes the Çimen Dağı, Kop Dağı, and the Aras Mountains, as well as Mount Ararat. The central line contains the Munzur and Bingöl Mountains. The southern line includes the Southeast Taurus and the Bitlis Mountains.

981122-Ararat-IMG 0791-3
981122-Ararat-IMG 0791-3

Water plays a vital role in the life of the region. Many major rivers originate or flow through this area. The Euphrates, Tigris, and Zab rivers flow toward the Persian Gulf outside of Turkey. The Aras and Kura rivers flow toward the Caspian Sea. The flow of these rivers is irregular due to the climate. In winter, much of the precipitation falls as snow and stays on the ground. When this snow melts in the spring and summer, the river flow rates increase significantly. Because of the high elevations and steep slopes, these rivers have high hydroelectric energy potential.

The region is also home to many large lakes. Many of these lakes were formed along fault lines in the earth. Turkey's largest lake, Lake Van, is located within the Eastern Anatolia Region. Other notable lakes include Lake Çıldır, Lake Nazik, and Lake Erçek. The area also contains large flat spaces like the Iğdır Plain, which is the largest in the region, and the Muş Plain. The Erzurum-Kars Plateau is the largest plateau found here.

The climate of Eastern Anatolia is a harsh continental climate. This is because most of the region is far from the sea and sits at a high altitude. The area experiences very long, cold, and snowy winters. The summers are short, with cool weather in the highlands and warmer weather in the lowlands. This region has the highest annual temperature difference in all of Turkey. However, some areas have different microclimates. For example, the area near Mount Ararat, known as Iğdır, has a milder climate.

The history of the region's name is tied to significant social and political changes. Historically, the area was known as the Armenian highlands or Western Armenia. It held a large population of indigenous Armenians, along with Georgians and Greeks. Following the Armenian genocide, the name of the region was changed. In the 1880s, Ottoman authorities began banning the name Armenia in official documents. In the 1920s, the Republic of Turkey officially named the territory Eastern Anatolia. This was part of a policy to replace non-Turkish place names with Turkish ones.

Today, the region has a relatively low population density compared to the rest of Turkey. The 2019 population estimate was 5,966,101 people. This is a decrease from the 6,100,000 people recorded in the 2000 census. Many people move away from the region, often migrating to the Marmara Region or to other countries. Despite this, the region remains a rich environment. It contains 11% of Turkey's total forested area, with many oak and yellow pine trees. It remains a place of great natural importance for the country.

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File:Armenian Highlands.jpg
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