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Djerba

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Djerba is a large island located in North Africa. It sits within the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia. Administratively, the island is part of the Medenine Governorate. Because of its long and unique history, UNESCO designated Djerba a World Heritage Site in 2023.

Lag BaOmer
Lag BaOmer

This status recognizes the island as a place of global importance. Today, the island is a major destination for tourists from around the world.

The name Djerba may have roots in the Tebu language. The Tebu were the original inhabitants, or autochthonous people, of the North African coast and the Sahara. In the Tebu language, "Ji" or "Je" means "west." The word "Jer" means "from the west." The element "ba" means "big ones" or "great ones." Therefore, the name Djerba could mean "the western big ones." This likely refers to the island as a large landmass jutting out into the sea.

Ancient history on the island involves many different groups. The Berbers arrived in North Africa around 1200 BC during the Late Bronze Age. They lived in the Maghreb, inhabiting coasts and mountains. Some Berbers lived in stone or mud houses. Others lived a nomadic lifestyle in tents with their livestock. Later, the Greeks and Phoenicians settled the island. The Phoenicians arrived in the 12th century BC from Tyre and Sidon. They introduced olive tree planting and the industry of olive pressing. They also produced a famous purple dye that was sold at very high prices.

Following the Phoenicians, different empires controlled the island's fate. The Romans ruled Djerba, bringing a period of great prosperity. In the fifth century, the Vandals conquered the island. The Vandals were a Germanic tribe led by King Gaiseric. In 665, the island was included in the Arab conquests led by Ruwayfi ibn Thabit al-Ansari. During the Middle Ages, the island saw many changes in leadership. It was controlled by the Fatimid Caliphate from 909 to 972. Later, the Almohad Caliphate forced the Frankish garrison to withdraw in the late 12th century.

The island also faced periods of intense conflict and occupation. In 1135, Rogar al-Narmandi conquered the island due to Mediterranean piracy. This led to a Norman occupation that lasted until 1159. Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Ottoman Empire held influence over the region. The island was part of a Tunisian province that developed its own political system. However, European expansionism eventually pressured the area. France intervened in 1881, beginning a period of colonial rule. Djerba finally gained its independence in 1956.

One of the most unique aspects of Djerba is its Jewish history. Oral history suggests a Jewish minority has lived there for over 2,500 years. This community arrived following the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem. Physical evidence of this community appears in records from the 11th century. The descendants of this group still live in Houmt Souk. This community is unique because it has a high percentage of kohanim. These are direct patrilineal descendants of Aaron, the first high priest.

Lag BaOmer
Lag BaOmer

Modern Djerba is defined by its changing population and economy. The 2004 census recorded 139,544 residents on the island. By the 2014 census, the population had risen to 163,726. While the island is part of the Medenine Governorate, some residents have requested change. Since the 2011 revolution, some have asked for Djerba to become its own governorate. This would make it the twenty-fifth Tunisian governorate. Despite these political discussions, the island remains a vital part of the Tunisian landscape.

Ecole primaire Taourit Djerba WikiChallenge 2022 01
Ecole primaire Taourit Djerba WikiChallenge 2022 01
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