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Dinocaridida

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Dinocaridida is a group of extinct marine animals that lived a very long time ago.

20210626 Anomalocaris
20210626 Anomalocaris

Their name comes from Greek and Latin words meaning "terrible crab." This name describes their role as some of the largest predators in the ancient oceans. They first appeared during the Cambrian period. They survived in the sea until the Early Devonian period. Scientists consider them stem group arthropods. This means they are early relatives of the group that includes modern crabs, spiders, and insects.

20191112 Pambdelurion whittingtoni
20191112 Pambdelurion whittingtoni

The bodies of these creatures were bilaterally symmetrical. This means their left and right sides were mirror images of each other. They had a mostly soft outer covering called a non-mineralized cuticle. Their bodies were divided into two main sections called tagmata. The first section was the head, which was not divided into segments. The second section was the trunk, which was made of many segments.

21091022 Kerygmachela kierkegaardi
21091022 Kerygmachela kierkegaardi

Each dinocaridid had specialized frontal appendages on its head. These appendages were located just in front of the eyes and the mouth. The structure of these appendages varied between different types of dinocaridids. In the Radiodonta group, the appendages were arthropodized. This means they were hard and divided into segments. In the gilled lobopodians, the appendages were lobopodous, meaning they were soft. In the Opabiniidae group, the appendages were fused together into a single nozzle-like structure.

20191108 Opabinia regalis
20191108 Opabinia regalis

The trunk of the animal was built for movement and breathing. Each segment of the trunk featured a gill branch and swimming flaps called lobes. These lobes moved in an up-and-down motion to push the animal through the water. This method of swimming is very similar to how a modern cuttlefish moves. Some gilled lobopodians also had soft limbs called lobopods underneath their flaps. Inside the body, they had a midgut with paired digestive glands.

20191208 Hurdia victoria
20191208 Hurdia victoria

Scientists divide dinocaridids into different groups based on their features. One group is the Radiodonta, which includes the famous *Anomalocaris*. Another group is the Opabiniidae, which includes *Opabinia*. Some scientists also include the gilled lobopodians, such as *Pambdelurion* and *Kerygmachela*, in this category. These lobopodians are considered more basal. This means they are more primitive and appeared earlier in the evolutionary line. The Radiodonta and Opabiniidae are more derived, meaning they are more closely related to modern arthropods.

20191201 Amplectobelua symbrachiata
20191201 Amplectobelua symbrachiata

The study of these animals has changed as new fossils are found. Originally, scientists only included the Opabiniidae and Radiodonta in Dinocaridida. Later, researchers added the gilled lobopodians to the group. Many species were also moved into new families. For example, many radiodonts were reassigned to families like Amplectobeluidae, Tamisiocarididae, and Hurdiidae. A new family called Kerygmachelidae was also established. These changes help scientists understand the complex history of how arthropods evolved.

20220212 Utaurora comosa
20220212 Utaurora comosa

Dinocaridids were found in many different parts of the world. Their fossils have been discovered in Canada and the United States. They also appear in rocks from Greenland, China, Australia, and Russia. Some fossils come from the Early to Middle Ordovician of Morocco and Wales. They even lived in Germany during the Early Devonian. These widespread fossils show that these animals were successful in many different marine environments. Studying them helps us connect the dots between ancient life and the animals we see today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Adult priapulid 2.jpg
Adult priapulid 2.jpg
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CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC 2.jpg
File:Velvet worm.png
Velvet worm.png
File:SEM image of Milnesium tardigradum in active state - journal.pone.0045682.g001-2 (white background).png
SEM image of Milnesium tardigradum in...
File:Paucipodia.jpg
Paucipodia.jpg
File:H. sparsa (white background).jpg
H. sparsa (white background).jpg
File:Ovatiovermis restoration.png
Ovatiovermis restoration.png
File:20191215_Siberion_lenaicus.png
20191215_Siberion_lenaicus.png
File:20191118 Megadictyon cf. haikouensis.png
20191118 Megadictyon cf. haikouensis.png
File:20191215 Jianshanopodia decora.png
20191215 Jianshanopodia decora.png
File:20191112_Pambdelurion_whittingtoni.png
20191112_Pambdelurion_whittingtoni.png
File:21091022_Kerygmachela_kierkegaardi.png
21091022_Kerygmachela_kierkegaardi.png

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