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Desventuradas Islands

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The Desventuradas Islands are a small group of oceanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are located northwest of Santiago, off the coast of Chile. These islands are officially considered part of Insular Chile. The group is composed of four distinct landmasses. These include San Ambrosio, San Félix, Islote González, and Roca Catedral. Because they are so isolated, there are no permanent civilian settlements. However, a detachment of the Chilean Navy stays on Isla San Félix. This island also contains the Isla San Felix Airport.

Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775
Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775

The islands consist of several different sizes and elevations. San Ambrosio is the largest and highest island in the group. It covers an area of 3.1 square kilometers. Its peak reaches an elevation of 479 meters. The San Félix group includes the island of San Félix. This island covers 2 square kilometers. Its highest point is Cerro Amarillo, which is 193 meters tall. Islote González is a much smaller island with an area of 0.25 square kilometers. It has a peak of 173 meters. The smallest feature is Roca Catedral. It has an area of only 0.01 square kilometers and a height of 53 meters. In total, the archipelago covers 5.36 square kilometers.

The ecology of the larger islands is quite complex. The vegetation forms a miniature mosaic of different plant life. You can find matorral, which is a type of shrubland, across the land. There are also areas of barren rock. Trees, shrubs, ferns, and perennial herbs grow together in various sizes. One specific plant, Sonchus laceratus, is an endemic species. This means it grows naturally only in this specific location. The large islands of San Félix and San Ambrosio host a temperate forest biome. This biome is recognized by the WWF as being critical for nature.

Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775
Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775

Water and currents play a major role in the island environment. There are no permanent sources of fresh water on any of the islands. This lack of water affects what can live there. The marine fauna shows close links to the central and south Pacific. These animals are more similar to those in the central Pacific than to those in South America. This happens because of the Humboldt Current. This ocean current acts as a powerful biogeographic barrier. It separates the islands from the South American continent.

Vertebrates on the two largest islands are limited only to birds. There are ten species of marine birds that visit or nest there. There is also one species of land bird. Some of these species are currently endangered. The islands are recognized as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. This is because they serve as a breeding site for many Masatierra petrels. These birds rely on the islands for their survival. The isolation of the islands helps protect these large numbers of birds.

Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775
Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775

The history of the islands involves several different eras. No evidence shows prehistoric human activity by Polynesians or Indigenous peoples. The islands were likely unoccupied in pre-Columbian times. Ferdinand Magellan may have seen them as early as 1521. The first confirmed sighting was by Juan Fernández on November 6, 1574. He was traveling from Callao to Valparaíso. In 1579, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa noted they were named after Saint Felix and Saint Nabor. Over time, the name Nabor became confused with Saint Ambrose. This resulted in the name San Ambrosio.

In more recent history, the islands have played political roles. In 1788, the abbot Giovanni Ignazio Molina included them in Chilean territory. This was part of his work on the geography of the Kingdom of Chile. This helped establish the islands as part of the territory inherited by Chile. During the Falklands War in May 1982, San Félix was also relevant. The Chilean government allowed an RAF Nimrod R1 to fly reconnaissance sorties from the island. These flights gathered information on the movements of the Argentine Air Force. This shows how even small, remote islands can be important in global events.

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🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas Desventuradas) como parte del reino de Chile en el mapa de Cano y Olmedilla de 1775.jpg
Isla San Félix y San Ambrosio (Islas...
File:Las islas San Félix, San Ambrosio y de Pascua mencionadas en el Compendio de la historia geográfica, natural y civil del reyno de Chile de 1776.jpg
Las islas San Félix, San Ambrosio y de...
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