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Cursive

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Cursive is a style of penmanship where characters are written in a conjoined or flowing manner.

Looped cursive sample
Looped cursive sample

This method is often used to increase writing speed compared to block letters, which are also known as print-script. While formal cursive is generally joined, casual cursive may use a combination of joins and pen lifts. This writing style is not limited to one language. It is used across many different alphabets and regions for both artistic purposes and private communication.

Spencerian example
Spencerian example

To understand how cursive works, we must look at the mechanics of the connections. One specific method is called ligature, which uses lines to connect letters. This allows the writer to avoid picking up the pen or pencil between characters. In looped cursive, which is common in English instruction, certain parts of letters called ascenders and descenders have loops. These loops facilitate the links between letters. For example, in this style, a lowercase "t" is taller and a lowercase "v" or "w" is rounder.

Russian Cursive Cyrillic
Russian Cursive Cyrillic

There are several distinct types of cursive penmanship. Looped cursive is the style many people recognize in English contexts. Another type is italic cursive, which is derived from chancery cursive. This style uses non-looped joins and does not join every letter. In fact, joins for letters like "g," "j," "q," or "y" are often discouraged in italic styles. Italic penmanship became very popular during the 15th-century Italian Renaissance.

Greek manuscript cursive 6th century
Greek manuscript cursive 6th century

There is also continuous cursive, where letters are taught with both entry and exit strokes to ensure they always remain on the writing line.

The history of cursive is closely tied to the tools used for writing. The method originated to accommodate the limitations of the quill. Quills were fragile, easily broken, and could spatter ink if used improperly. They also ran out of ink faster than modern tools. By using cursive, the writing tool was rarely lifted off the paper. This helped prevent ink issues and increased speed. Later, sturdier steel dip pens were used, but the tradition of cursive continued. The word "cursive" itself comes from Middle French and Medieval Latin, meaning "to run" or "hasten."

Hocgracili
Hocgracili

Cursive has appeared in many cultures with unique characteristics. In the Arabic, Syriac, Latin, and Cyrillic scripts, many letters are connected into single complex strokes. In contrast, Hebrew and Roman cursive do not connect letters. In China, cursive is used in calligraphy, specifically in a form called "rough script."

Bangla cursive
Bangla cursive

In India, the Modi script was once used to write the Marathi language.

Dnyaneshwari Verse In Modi Script
Dnyaneshwari Verse In Modi Script

Even in the United States, historical documents show different approaches. Thomas Jefferson joined most letters in the Declaration of Independence, but Timothy Matlack later rewrote it in a fully joined hand.

Shakespeare-Testament
Shakespeare-Testament

In the 19th century, cursive was a vital professional skill in the United States and the British Empire. Professionals used a "fair hand," which was a beautiful and consistent script. In the mid-1800s, most American children learned cursive in second or third grade. However, the 20th century brought significant changes. The widespread adoption of the typewriter by the 1920s began a decline in handwriting. Later, the post-World War II rise of the inexpensive ballpoint pen removed the need for the flourishes allowed by liquid ink and flexible metal tips.

HandwritingOfOneJohnJay(NotTheFamousOne)
HandwritingOfOneJohnJay(NotTheFamousOne)

Today, digital technology has further changed the landscape of writing. Word processors and smartphones have largely displaced handwriting. This shift has led to a decline in cursive instruction. For example, on a 2006 SAT exam, only 15 percent of students wrote their essays in cursive. Despite this, some educators still advocate for its preservation. In 2007, a survey showed that 90 percent of elementary teachers in the United States believed cursive should be taught.

Cursive
Cursive

While some states like Indiana and Hawaii have removed requirements to teach it, "back to basics" movements continue to argue for its value.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Spencerian example.jpg
Spencerian example.jpg
File:Looped cursive sample.jpg
Looped cursive sample.jpg
File:Bangla cursive.jpeg
Bangla cursive.jpeg
File:letter.posted.in.1894.arp.jpg
letter.posted.in.1894.arp.jpg
File:Shakespeare-Testament.jpg
Shakespeare-Testament.jpg
File:HandwritingOfOneJohnJay(NotTheFamousOne).jpg
HandwritingOfOneJohnJay(NotTheFamousOne).jpg
File:Cursive.png
Cursive.png
File:Greek manuscript cursive 6th century.png
Greek manuscript cursive 6th century.png
File:Dnyaneshwari_Verse_In_Modi_Script.png
Dnyaneshwari_Verse_In_Modi_Script.png
File:Hocgracili.jpg
Hocgracili.jpg
File:Russian Cursive Cyrillic.svg
Russian Cursive Cyrillic.svg
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