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Crimea

geography Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Crimea is a significant peninsula located in Eastern Europe.

Satellite picture of Crimea, Terra-MODIS, 05-16-2015
Satellite picture of Crimea, Terra-MODIS, 05-16-2015

It sits on the northern coast of the Black Sea. The Black Sea almost entirely surrounds the landmass. A smaller body of water called the Sea of Azov is also nearby. The peninsula connects to mainland Ukraine via the Isthmus of Perekop. To the east, the Crimean Bridge spans the Strait of Kerch.

Крымский мост 21 декабря 2019 года
Крымский мост 21 декабря 2019 года

This bridge links the peninsula to Krasnodar Krai in Russia. To the northeast, the Arabat Spit separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov.

The geography of the region is quite diverse. The southern coast features a subtropical climate.

Novyi Svit IMG 2941 1725
Novyi Svit IMG 2941 1725

You can see mountains rising directly from the sea in places like Sudak.

Mountains by the sea, Горы на побережье, море, Судак, Крым, Crimea
Mountains by the sea, Горы на побережье, море, Судак, Крым, Crimea

The population of the peninsula is approximately 2.4 million people. Sevastopol is the largest city in the region. Visitors often use different modes of transport to see the sights. For instance, there is a trolleybus system near Alushta.

Crimea South Coast 04-14 img01 Simferopol-Yalta trolley
Crimea South Coast 04-14 img01 Simferopol-Yalta trolley

In Yalta, people use a cableway to travel.

Yalta Kanatka
Yalta Kanatka

The name "Crimea" has interesting origins. It comes from an Italian form of the word. Some scholars suggest it derives from a Turkic term meaning "to fence" or "to protect."

Sudak, Crimea, The Genoese Fortress
Sudak, Crimea, The Genoese Fortress

This refers specifically to the Perekop Isthmus. Historically, the peninsula was known as the Tauric Peninsula. This name came from the Tauri, who were the ancient inhabitants. During the 19th century, the name "Crimean peninsula" gradually replaced the classical name.

Crimea's history began around the 5th century BCE. Greek colonies were established along the southern coast during this time. One of the most important colonies was Chersonesos.

Sevastopol Chersonesus Basilica of 1935 IMG 0669 1725
Sevastopol Chersonesus Basilica of 1935 IMG 0669 1725

The southern coast remained culturally Greek for nearly two thousand years. This included the periods of the Roman and Byzantine Empires. In the 13th century, the interior was occupied by the Mongol Golden Horde.

Crimean Khanate Map 1502
Crimean Khanate Map 1502

Following the collapse of the horde, the Crimean Khanate emerged. This state later became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.

Many different powers have fought for control of the peninsula. The Russian Empire annexed Crimea in 1783. This occurred after the Russo-Turkish War. The peninsula's strategic position led to the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856.

Siege of Sevastopol by George Baxter
Siege of Sevastopol by George Baxter

During World War II, Germany occupied the territory. In 1944, the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the deportation of the Crimean Tatars. This event was described as a cultural genocide. In 1954, the USSR transferred the region to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Political changes continued after the fall of the Soviet Union. In 1991, Ukraine gained independence. Most of the peninsula became the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. A 1997 treaty allowed Russia to keep its fleet in Sevastopol. However, the status of the land changed again in 2014. Russian forces occupied the peninsula and annexed it.

VOA-armed men 01-03-14
VOA-armed men 01-03-14

Most countries in the world still recognize Crimea as part of Ukraine.

The region's history is reflected in its many landmarks. The Genoese built fortresses, such as the one in Sudak.

Генуєзская крепость XIV ст., вид с Феодосийской бухты (3)
Генуєзская крепость XIV ст., вид с Феодосийской бухты (3)

The Crimean Khanate also left behind important sites. The Khan Palace in Bakhchisaray is a notable example.

Bahtšisarai-Khaani palee Krimmis
Bahtšisarai-Khaani palee Krimmis

Today, Crimea remains a place of great strategic and historical importance in Eastern Europe.

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🖼️ Images & Media (26)
File:Satellite picture of Crimea, Terra-MODIS, 05-16-2015.jpg
Satellite picture of Crimea, Terra-MODIS,...
File:Sevastopol Chersonesus Basilica of 1935 IMG 0669 1725.jpg
Sevastopol Chersonesus Basilica of 1935...
File:Sudak, Crimea, The Genoese Fortress.jpg
Sudak, Crimea, The Genoese Fortress.jpg
File:Crimean Khanate Map 1502.svg
Crimean Khanate Map 1502.svg
File:Siege of Sevastopol by George Baxter.jpg
Siege of Sevastopol by George Baxter.jpg
File:Jalta-confer.jpg
Jalta-confer.jpg
File:VOA-armed men 01-03-14.jpg
VOA-armed men 01-03-14.jpg
File:Mountains by the sea, Горы на побережье, море, Судак, Крым, Crimea.jpg
Mountains by the sea, Горы на побережье,...
File:Eclizee-burun-mountain.jpg
Eclizee-burun-mountain.jpg
File:Nord-Krim-Kanal.png
Nord-Krim-Kanal.png
File:Ялта Южный берег ДДима.jpg
Ялта Южный берег ДДима.jpg
File:Novyi Svit IMG 2941 1725.jpg
Novyi Svit IMG 2941 1725.jpg

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