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Coot

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Coots are medium-sized water birds belonging to the rail family, Rallidae. They belong to the genus Fulica, which is the Latin term for "coot." These birds are mostly known for their dark plumage, which is predominantly black. Unlike many other members of the rail family, coots are usually easy to spot. They are often seen swimming in open water in large groups. A group of these birds is specifically called a covert or a cover.

American coot in Prospect Park (06152)
American coot in Prospect Park (06152)

To move through their watery environments, coots have evolved a unique physical mechanism. They possess long toes equipped with broad lobes of skin. These lobes act like paddles to help them kick and propel themselves through the water. When a coot lifts its foot out of the water, these skin lobes fold back. This folding allows the bird to walk effectively on dry land. It also provides necessary support when they are walking on mucky or soft terrain.

Fulica leucoptera GALLARETA CHICA
Fulica leucoptera GALLARETA CHICA

There are ten extant species of coots currently living in the world. The genus also includes one species that is now extinct. The greatest variety of these species is found in South America. Scientists believe the genus likely originated in that part of the world. Different species inhabit many different regions. For example, the Hawaiian coot lives in Hawaii, while the American coot ranges from southern Quebec to the Pacific coast of North America. The Eurasian coot has a massive range across Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa.

Hawaiian Coot RWD1
Hawaiian Coot RWD1

Other species are found in specific parts of South America and beyond. The Andean coot lives in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The red-gartered coot is found in Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The giant coot inhabits Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. The white-winged coot lives in several countries, including Brazil and the Falkland Islands. Some species have disappeared from the Earth. The Mascarene coot became extinct around the year 1700. Other species, like the Chatham Island coot, lived during the early Holocene.

Riesenblaesshuhn fulica gigantea Chile crop
Riesenblaesshuhn fulica gigantea Chile crop

The history of how we name these birds is quite long. The Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner used the name in 1555. Later, the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus introduced the genus Fulica in 1758. He did this in the tenth edition of his work, Systema Naturae. The genus name itself is simply the Latin word for a Eurasian coot. Coots have distinct physical features, such as a frontal shield on their foreheads. This featherless shield is so prominent that it gave rise to the expression "as bald as a coot." This phrase has been used in the English language since at least 1430.

Common Coot Eurasian coot Fulica atra by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN3784 (1)
Common Coot Eurasian coot Fulica atra by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN3784 (1)

Coots are omnivorous, meaning they eat a variety of different foods. Their diet consists mainly of plant material, but they also eat small animals, fish, and eggs. They prefer shallow, vegetated lakes for their habitats. During the breeding season, coots become aggressively territorial. However, they often congregate in large rafts in open water outside of that time. They may lay eggs in their own nests or sometimes in the nests of other birds. The eggs vary in color, appearing as buff, pinkish buff, or buff-gray speckled with dark colors.

Fulica rufifrons - Red-fronted coot; Punta del Este, Uruguay
Fulica rufifrons - Red-fronted coot; Punta del Este, Uruguay

Raising young is a difficult process that involves high mortality rates. Chick mortality is mainly caused by starvation rather than predators. This happens because it is hard for parents to find enough tiny shrimp and insects for a large family. Many chicks die within the first 10 days after they hatch. Under the pressure of food shortages, parents may become brutal to their own young. They may engage in a behavior called "tousling," where they attack the chicks. This often happens when the chicks beg for food. These attacks usually target the weakest chicks. Consequently, a parent may only successfully raise two or three out of nine hatchlings.

Fulica cornuta 117475270
Fulica cornuta 117475270
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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Hawaiian Coot RWD1.jpg
Hawaiian Coot RWD1.jpg
File:American coot in Prospect Park (06152).jpg
American coot in Prospect Park (06152).jpg
File:Andean Coot RWD3.jpg
Andean Coot RWD3.jpg
File:Red-gartered Coot RWD8.jpg
Red-gartered Coot RWD8.jpg
File:Common Coot Eurasian coot Fulica atra by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN3784 (1).jpg
Common Coot Eurasian coot Fulica atra by...
File:Fulica cornuta 117475270.jpg
Fulica cornuta 117475270.jpg
File:Fulica cristata -Cape Town, South Africa -adult-8.jpg
Fulica cristata -Cape Town, South Africa...
File:Riesenblaesshuhn fulica gigantea Chile crop.jpg
Riesenblaesshuhn fulica gigantea Chile crop.jpg
File:Fulica leucoptera GALLARETA CHICA.jpg
Fulica leucoptera GALLARETA CHICA.jpg
File:Fulica rufifrons - Red-fronted coot; Punta del Este, Uruguay.jpg
Fulica rufifrons - Red-fronted coot;...
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