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Common snapping turtle

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The common snapping turtle (*Chelydra serpentina*) is a large species of freshwater turtle. It belongs to the family Chelydridae. This family is now restricted to the Americas. The common snapping turtle is the most widespread member of this group.

Snapper2
Snapper2

It is a vital part of its ecosystem. These turtles act as important aquatic scavengers. They also serve as active hunters in many habitats. Their presence helps manage populations of various aquatic species.

These turtles have a very unique physical build. They possess a rugged and muscular body. Their carapace, or upper shell, is heavily ridged. The color of the shell varies from tan to black.

Common Snapping Turtle Close Up
Common Snapping Turtle Close Up

Adults can reach a straight-line carapace length of nearly 18 inches. Most adults weigh approximately 20 pounds. However, some individuals are much larger. One reported wild specimen weighed 75 pounds. Males are generally larger than females. Most males weigh more than 20 pounds. These turtles continue to grow throughout their entire lives.

Common snapping turtles are highly adaptable habitat generalists. They can occupy most permanent bodies of water. This includes shallow ponds, streams, and even brackish estuaries.

Common Snapping Turtle (52259285400)
Common Snapping Turtle (52259285400)

In shallow water, they often hide beneath the muddy bottom. They may stretch their long necks to the surface to breathe. Their nostrils are located at the very tip of the snout. This positioning allows them to function like snorkels. They also have a strong sense of smell. This is due to well-developed olfactory organs and nerves.

As omnivores, these turtles have a varied diet. They hunt fish, frogs, snakes, and small mammals. They also eat many invertebrates and unwary birds.

Because they are scavengers, they also consume carrion. They eat a surprisingly large amount of aquatic vegetation too. Young turtles have a lower bite force than adults. Because of this, they must travel more to find food. This active foraging helps them make up for their limited diet.

Survival strategies for these turtles vary by location. In northern populations, they mature later. They may take 15 to 20 years to reach sexual maturity. These northern turtles also grow to a larger size. In southern populations, they mature in about 12 years.

Chelydra-serpentina3
Chelydra-serpentina3

The species is known for its long life. Data from Algonquin Park in Ontario suggest they can live over 100 years. Their reproduction involves repeated events, known as iteroparity. However, they often have low reproductive success per event.

Reproduction is a complex process for the common snapping turtle. Females travel over land to find sandy soil for nests. They can sense the Earth's magnetic field to help with movement.

Chelydra serpentina 3d scan Natural History Museum University of Pisa B 2030
Chelydra serpentina 3d scan Natural History Museum University of Pisa B 2030

A female typically lays 25 to 80 leathery eggs. The incubation time depends on the temperature. At 30 °C, eggs hatch in about 63 days. At 20 °C, it takes about 140 days. Temperature also determines the sex of the hatchlings. High and low temperatures produce females. Intermediate temperatures produce males.

These turtles have remarkable ways of handling cold weather. In the north, they may hibernate under ice for six months. They use a process called extrapulmonary respiration to survive. This allows them to take in oxygen through mouth and throat membranes.

Common Snapping Turtle in Minnesota
Common Snapping Turtle in Minnesota

If oxygen is still low, they use anaerobic pathways. This means they burn sugars and fats without oxygen. This process creates an acidic oxygen debt by spring. While they are hardy, they face many predators. Eggs are eaten by raccoons, foxes, and crows. Hatchlings face threats from birds, fish, and snakes. Large adults have very few natural threats left.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Common Snapping Turtle Close Up.jpg
Common Snapping Turtle Close Up.jpg
File:Snapper2.jpg
Snapper2.jpg
File:Chelydra-serpentina3.jpg
Chelydra-serpentina3.jpg
Chelydra serpentina 3d scan Natural...
File:Common Snapping Turtle (52259285400).jpg
Common Snapping Turtle (52259285400).jpg
File:Common snapping turtle by Sam Stukel, USFWS (52458826369).jpg
Common snapping turtle by Sam Stukel,...
File:Ograbme.jpg
Ograbme.jpg
File:Common Snapping Turtle in Minnesota.jpg
Common Snapping Turtle in Minnesota.jpg
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