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Common myna

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The common myna, also known as the Indian myna (Acridotheres tristis), is a highly adaptable bird from the family Sturnidae.

CommonMynah1-aw6789
CommonMynah1-aw6789

Native to Asia, these birds are omnivorous, meaning they eat a wide variety of foods. They thrive in open woodlands, but they have become especially successful in urban and suburban environments. This ability to live near humans has made them one of the most widespread bird species in the world. However, their success has also made them a major global concern for biodiversity.

Common myna in Gülhane Park, İstanbul
Common myna in Gülhane Park, İstanbul

To understand how the common myna survives so well, one must look at its feeding and nesting habits. As an omnivore, it eats insects, grubs, seeds, fruits, and even human waste. Its scientific genus name, Acridotheres, translates to "locust hunter," which refers to its habit of foraging for insects on the ground.

When it comes to nesting, the bird is incredibly resourceful and aggressive. It builds nests in tree holes or walls using twigs, roots, and even human rubbish like tin foil or tissue paper. To secure a home, the myna will often evict other birds from their nests. It has even been observed holding the chicks of other species in its beak to clear a nest.

Two Common myna birds holding an egg (India, 2011)
Two Common myna birds holding an egg (India, 2011)

There are two recognized subspecies of the common myna. The first is the Indian myna (A. t. tristis), which is found across a massive range from southern Kazakhstan and Iran to southern China and the Malay Peninsula. This subspecies has also been introduced to North America and Hawai’i. The second is the Sri Lankan myna (A. t. melanosternus). This subspecies is physically distinct from the Indian variety. It is darker in color and possesses a larger yellow cheek-patch. It also features primary coverts that are half-black and half-white.

Common myna in Chandigarh
Common myna in Chandigarh

The history of how we named this bird involves several famous naturalists. In 1760, the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson provided the first description in his work, *Ornithologie*. He mistakenly believed the specimen came from the Philippines and used the name *Merula Philippensis*. Later, in 1766, the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus included the bird in the 12th edition of *Systema Naturae*. Linnaeus gave it the binomial name *Paradisea tristis*. The specific name *tristis* is Latin for "sad" or "gloomy." Finally, in 1816, the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot introduced the genus name *Acridotheres*.

The common myna is now considered one of the world's most significant invasive species. In 2000, the IUCN Species Survival Commission named it one of the "100 of the World's Worst Invasive Species." These are species that pose a direct threat to agriculture, human interests, and biodiversity. The bird's impact is particularly severe in Australia. In a 2008 popular vote, it was named "The Most Important Pest/Problem" in that country. In some urban areas, its population density can grow very quickly. For example, in Canberra, the density rose from 15 birds per square kilometer in 1991 to 75 birds per square kilometer just three years later.

Acridotheres tristis -Sydney, Australia-8
Acridotheres tristis -Sydney, Australia-8

In many places, the bird is viewed as a nuisance due to its behavior in cities. Because they prefer tall structures and little ground cover, they adapt perfectly to streets and buildings. Their nests can block gutters and drainpipes, which leads to water damage on building exteriors. In Australia, they have even earned nicknames like "flying rats" or "the cane toad of the sky." In Singapore, they are known as *gembala kerbau*, which means "buffalo shepherd." This name comes from their tendency to live near humans and compete with other introduced birds like the Javan myna.

Beyond their role as pests, common mynas have complex social lives. They are believed to pair for life and often live in pairs. They also engage in communal roosting, where they sleep together in large groups. These roosts can range from fewer than one hundred birds to several thousand.

Roosting together helps the birds synchronize social activities and avoid predators. Before sleeping, they often participate in "communal noise," where they vocalize in unison. These birds are also highly vocal, using a range of sounds including croaks, whistles, and clicks. This intelligence and social structure contribute to their ability to dominate new environments.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:A Common Myna in Cage.jpg
A Common Myna in Cage.jpg
File:Quand les martins tristes, Acridotheres tristis, se battent entre eux.jpg
Quand les martins tristes, Acridotheres...
File:Common myna in Gülhane Park, İstanbul.jpg
Common myna in Gülhane Park, İstanbul.jpg
File:CommonMynah1-aw6789.JPG
CommonMynah1-aw6789.JPG
File:Common Myna In Guntur.jpg
Common Myna In Guntur.jpg
File:Acridotheres tristis MHNT 227 La Reunion.jpg
Acridotheres tristis MHNT 227 La Reunion.jpg
File:Two Common myna birds holding an egg (India, 2011).jpg
Two Common myna birds holding an egg...
File:Common myna in Chandigarh.jpg
Common myna in Chandigarh.jpg
File:Common myna (Acridotheres tristis) Upolu.jpg
Common myna (Acridotheres tristis) Upolu.jpg
File:Acridotheres tristis -Sydney, Australia-8.jpg
Acridotheres tristis -Sydney, Australia-8.jpg
File:Mynahs Nesting 019aa.jpg
Mynahs Nesting 019aa.jpg
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