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City block

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A city block is the smallest group of buildings surrounded by streets.

City block
City block

In urban design, it is a fundamental unit of a city's urban fabric. These blocks serve as physical containers for public spaces, often called streetwalls. While blocks can be subdivided into many smaller land lots, they remain the basic building blocks of a city. Most cities are composed of a variety of different block sizes and shapes.

City block
City block

There are different ways to organize these structures. Many cities in the New World use a grid plan. This plan uses square or rectangular blocks arranged in a regular pattern. One common method is the perimeter block development principle. In this system, buildings are located along the outer edge of the block. The entrances face the street to interact with the public. This leaves a semi-private courtyard in the rear of the buildings.

Kone ja Silta sisäpiha - Marit Henriksson
Kone ja Silta sisäpiha - Marit Henriksson

Urban planners also use different models to define blocks. One method is the "block with sidewalks" model. This uses a direct geometric representation of the block. It includes sub-structures like sidewalks, inner alleys, and common gardens.

City-block2
City-block2

Another method is the "block without sidewalks" model. This is a polygon formed by the outer border of touching land lots. The difference between these two models contains the sidewalks and alleys. This shows how different layers make up a single block.

Some cities use even larger areas called superblocks. A superblock is an area of urban land bounded by arterial roads. It is much larger than a typical city block. It can contain many standard blocks within it. Inside a superblock, the local road network serves only local needs. This morphology is very common in Japan and China. In these areas, a "supergrid" of wide roads defines a series of cells. Each cell is a superblock containing its own network of narrower streets.

Barcelona uses a specific version of this called superilles. These are superblocks that have been retroactively applied to an existing grid. Each superilla contains nine city blocks. To make them safer, traffic rules are changed on the internal roads. Speed limits are slowed to 10 km/h. Through traffic is disallowed in these areas. This makes the internal streets more focused on local movement.

History shows how different city layouts began. Many old cities in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East grew through accretion. This means they grew gradually over a long time. Because of this, they often have irregular street patterns. However, some cities were planned from the start. New York City adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 to create an extensive grid. Some cities, like Turin in Italy, kept their grid from Roman military settlements.

1857 Blanchard's map of Chicago
1857 Blanchard's map of Chicago

Cities like Frankfurt also have grids due to being rebuilt after World War II.

Block sizes vary greatly depending on the location. There is no single standard dimension for a city block. In Manhattan, the standard block is about 264 feet long. Chicago uses a specific system for its grid. In Chicago, sixteen east-west blocks or eight north-south blocks measure one mile.

1857 Blanchard's map of Chicago
1857 Blanchard's map of Chicago

This system has been adopted by other cities in the United States. In much of the U.S. and Canada, addresses follow a block and lot number system. Each block of a street is allotted 100 building numbers.

Finally, the word "block" is often used as an informal unit of distance. In North American and Australian English, people use it to give directions. Someone might say a destination is "three blocks from here." This can mean the literal distance in a grid or an equivalent distance. Because block lengths vary, using them as a measurement for feet or meters can be imprecise. It is a relative way to describe how far one must travel.

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File:City block.PNG
City block.PNG
File:1857 Blanchard's map of Chicago.jpg
1857 Blanchard's map of Chicago.jpg
File:City-block2.png
City-block2.png
File:Kone ja Silta sisäpiha - Marit Henriksson.jpg
Kone ja Silta sisäpiha - Marit Henriksson.jpg
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