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Cinema of France

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The cinema of France includes the entire film industry and its various productions. This includes movies made within France and those made by French production companies in other countries.

SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01
SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01

As the oldest and largest precursor of national cinemas in Europe, it has shaped many other film cultures. It had a primary influence on the creation of national cinemas in Asia and especially in China. Today, French film remains a major global force in art and commerce.

UK 1914-gaumontpalace
UK 1914-gaumontpalace

Large groups like Pathé and StudioCanal lead the industry. These are the two most important film production groups in all of Europe.

Modern cinematography began with the Lumière brothers in 1895.

SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01
SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01

Auguste and Louis Lumière invented a device called the cinématographe. They held their first projection in Paris on December 28, 1895. Their film, L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat, is considered the official birth of cinematography. In the early years, films were often shown in traveling fairs or cafés. This catered to a growing middle class. Between 1896 and 1902, four main firms dominated the industry: Pathé Frères, Gaumont, Georges Méliès, and the Lumières.

As the industry grew, filmmakers developed new techniques and styles. Georges Méliès created many of the rules for cinematic grammar. He directed the first science fiction film, A Trip to the Moon, in 1902. At the Gaumont studio, Alice Guy-Blaché served as head of production. She oversaw about 400 films, starting with La Fée aux Choux in 1896. By 1907, Gaumont operated the largest movie studio in the world. The construction of luxury cinemas, like the Gaumont-Palace, made cinema a major economic challenger to traditional theater by 1914.

After World War I, the French film industry faced a difficult decline. A lack of capital caused production to decrease across Europe. This allowed the United States film industry to flood the European market. American films were cheaper because U.S. studios had already recouped their costs at home. To protect their industry, France installed an import quota of 1:7. This meant for every seven foreign films imported, one French film had to be produced. Between the wars, directors like Jean Renoir and Marcel Carné shaped the style known as Poetic Realism. Renoir's La Règle du Jeu (1939) is still celebrated for its innovative sound editing and camerawork.

From the late 1950s to the 1970s, the French New Wave, or Nouvelle Vague, transformed cinema. This movement was led by critics from the magazine Cahiers, who became directors.

Brigitte Bardot - 1962
Brigitte Bardot - 1962

Jean-Luc Godard directed the groundbreaking film Breathless in 1960. François Truffaut directed The 400 Blows in 1959. These filmmakers inspired directors all over the world. While the New Wave movement faded by the late 1960s, commercial comedies remained popular. The film La Grande Vadrouille (1966) was the most successful French film in theaters for over 30 years. The era also saw the rise of the "polar," a blend of detective fiction and film noir.

French actors also achieved massive international fame during the mid-20th century.

Stevan Kragujevic, Alain Delon in Belgrade, 1962 (1)
Stevan Kragujevic, Alain Delon in Belgrade, 1962 (1)

Alain Delon became an enduring leading man.

Brigitte Bardot - 1962
Brigitte Bardot - 1962

Brigitte Bardot became one of the most famous actresses of the 1960s.

Louis Jourdan - Leslie Caron - Maurice Chevalier - Gigi, 1958
Louis Jourdan - Leslie Caron - Maurice Chevalier - Gigi, 1958

Leslie Caron and Louis Jourdan found success in the United States with musical comedies like Gigi. Other famous stars included Catherine Deneuve, Jean-Paul Belmondo, and Jeanne Moreau. Later generations included actors like Juliette Binoche and Gérard Depardeau. This long list of talent helped keep French stories relevant on the global stage.

In recent decades, the economic status of French film exports has shifted. In 2013, France was the second largest exporter of films in the world, following only the United States. A 2014 study showed French cinema was the most appreciated by global audiences after the US. However, industry trackers show a recent decline in export revenue. In 2019, France fell to the 7th largest exporter with a 2% share of the global market. By 2023, it fell to 15th place with a 0.44% share. Despite this, France still sits fourth on the all-time box office chart behind the US, UK, and China.

Juliette Binoche 2000
Juliette Binoche 2000
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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01.jpg
SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01.jpg
File:UK 1914-gaumontpalace.jpg
UK 1914-gaumontpalace.jpg
File:Gerard Philipe Warsaw National Theatre 1954.jpg
Gerard Philipe Warsaw National Theatre 1954.jpg
File:Louis Jourdan - Leslie Caron - Maurice Chevalier - Gigi, 1958.jpg
Louis Jourdan - Leslie Caron - Maurice...
File:Stevan Kragujevic, Alain Delon in Belgrade, 1962 (1).JPG
Stevan Kragujevic, Alain Delon in...
File:Brigitte Bardot - 1962.jpg
Brigitte Bardot - 1962.jpg
File:DARRIEUX Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg
DARRIEUX Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg
File:Juliette Binoche 2000.jpg
Juliette Binoche 2000.jpg
File:Léa Seydoux Cannes 2014 2.jpg
Léa Seydoux Cannes 2014 2.jpg
File:Palmed'or.jpg
Palmed'or.jpg
File:Film crew in trompe l'oeil mural, Cinéma Vox, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, 2007.jpg
Film crew in trompe l'oeil mural, Cinéma...
File:Pathé News—Noth-South-East-West 1915.png
Pathé News—Noth-South-East-West 1915.png
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