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Christendom

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Christendom refers to the global community of Christians and the political systems they influenced. The term can describe Christian-majority countries or states where Christianity is the dominant religion.

Christianity percent population in each nation World Map Christian data by Pew Research
Christianity percent population in each nation World Map Christian data by Pew Research

Beyond religion, it often describes a shared culture. Some scholars view it as a system where governments uphold Christian teachings.

Christian World—Pew Research Center 2010
Christian World—Pew Research Center 2010

This concept has shaped history for about 2,000 years. It has deeply influenced science, philosophy, art, and politics.

Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped
Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped

The history of this community began in the 1st century. It started as a Jewish sect in the Levant. Historians divide early development into two distinct phases. The first is the apostolic period. This was when the first apostles organized the early Church. The second is the post-apostolic period. During this time, an episcopal structure developed. This means bishops emerged as overseers for urban Christian populations.

Spread of Christianity to AD 600 (1)
Spread of Christianity to AD 600 (1)

Significant political shifts occurred in the 4th century. Before this, Christians faced imperial persecution. Emperor Constantine the Great changed this in AD 313. He issued the Edict of Milan to allow religious toleration. In AD 325, he called the First Council of Nicaea. This council helped define core beliefs. Later, Emperor Theodosius I issued the Edict of Thessalonica in AD 380. This made Nicene Christianity the official state church of the Roman Empire.

Some historians suggest that while Christ founded the faith, Constantine founded Christendom.

As the Roman Empire changed, Christendom divided into different branches. The Byzantine Empire became a major center for Eastern Christianity. It was a peak of Christian civilization with wealth and culture.

Hagia Sophia Interior Panorama
Hagia Sophia Interior Panorama

In the West, the Roman Empire disintegrated into various kingdoms. This led to the rise of the Franks. In AD 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne. This created a new Christian kingdom in the West. This period saw the Carolingian Renaissance, a time of intellectual revival.

Studying astronomy and geometry
Studying astronomy and geometry

A major division occurred during the Great Schism of 1054. This split the community into two main branches. One was Western Christianity, centered in Rome. The other was Eastern Christianity, centered in Constantinople.

St. Theodor
St. Theodor

Later, in the 16th century, Protestantism emerged as a third main branch. This added more complexity to the Christian world. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 also changed the balance of power. Following this, Latin Christendom took a central role in the Western world.

In the Middle Ages, Christendom was often seen as a theocracy. This is a government founded on and upholding religious values. In this system, clergy members held significant political authority. Some thinkers compared this social order to Plato's ideal state. In Europe, the population was often divided into three groups. These were the laboratores (workers), bellatores (soldiers), and oratores (clergy). The clergy, though small in number, held great influence over culture and politics.

T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472
T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472

The influence of Christendom is visible in many modern fields. Its impact on architecture is seen in grand Gothic cathedrals.

Wells Cathedral Lady Chapel, Somerset, UK - Diliff
Wells Cathedral Lady Chapel, Somerset, UK - Diliff

The concept of a unified European identity is often linked to Christianity. In the West, the community was sometimes called the Corpus Christianum. This was a community guided by Christian values in social and economic life. This was supported by the corpus iuris canonica, or canon law. Today, the term helps us understand the deep connections between religion, history, and the modern Western world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Christianity percent population in each nation World Map Christian data by Pew Research.svg
Christianity percent population in each...
File:T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg
T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg
File:Spread of Christianity to AD 600 (1).png
Spread of Christianity to AD 600 (1).png
File:Christian World—Pew Research Center 2010.svg
Christian World—Pew Research Center 2010.svg
File:Wien - Stephansdom (1).JPG
Wien - Stephansdom (1).JPG
File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg
Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg
File:St. Theodor.jpg
St. Theodor.jpg
File:Gotic3d2.jpg
Gotic3d2.jpg
File:God the Geometer.jpg
God the Geometer.jpg
File:Hagia Sophia Interior Panorama.jpg
Hagia Sophia Interior Panorama.jpg
File:Cistercian numerals.svg
Cistercian numerals.svg
File:Wells Cathedral Lady Chapel, Somerset, UK - Diliff.jpg
Wells Cathedral Lady Chapel, Somerset, UK...

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