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Chott el Djerid

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Chott el Djerid is a massive salt lake located in central Tunisia. It is classified as a chott, which is a large endorheic salt lake. An endorheic lake is a body of water that does not flow into an ocean. Instead, the water stays within a closed drainage basin. This lake is the largest salt pan in the Sahara Desert. Its name can be translated from Arabic to mean "Lagoon of the Land of Palms."

Chott el Djerid - Lars homestead
Chott el Djerid - Lars homestead

The geography of the lake is quite unique. The bottom of the lake sits between 15 and 25 meters above sea level. It is located in the center-west of Tunisia. The lake lies between the cities of Tozeur and Kebili. To the south of the lake, the Grand Erg Oriental desert begins. The towns of Kebili and Douz are also located to the south. The city of Tozeur sits just to the northwest. The lake has a very wide area, but its width varies greatly. Its narrow eastward inlet is known as Chott el Fejej.

The climate in this region is a typical hot desert climate. This environment causes dramatic changes in the lake throughout the year. The mean annual rainfall is very low, staying below 100 mm. During the summer, daytime temperatures can reach 50 °C or even higher. Intense solar radiation causes much of the water to evaporate. Because of this evaporation, the lake is almost entirely dried up in summer. During these hot months, many fata morganas occur. A fata morgana is a complex optical illusion caused by light bending in the heat. The dry lake bed can appear in shades of white, green, or purple.

In the winter, the lake undergoes a different transformation. Small tributaries of water discharge into the lake during this season. When the lake is full of water, it can be crossed by boat. People can also cross the area by foot or by car. However, crossing the lake is very dangerous. The salt crust is not always firm enough to hold weight. This makes travel across the surface a risky activity. At the edges of the lake, people collect salt. They use these piles of salt for salt production processing.

The lake is a significant site for various types of life. Pink flamingos use the shores of the lake as nesting sites during the springtime. In the past, the area supported different animals. Relict populations of the West African crocodile lived in Chott el Djerid. These crocodiles persisted in the area until the early 20th century. The size of the lake is also quite massive. Its surface area is over 7,000 km². Some sources suggest the area could be as high as 10,000 km². Because the flooded area changes so much, these measurements often vary.

Chott el Djerid has appeared in many famous stories and films. It served as a filming location for the Star Wars series.

Chott el Djerid - Lars homestead
Chott el Djerid - Lars homestead

The lake is also mentioned in the writings of Jules Verne. It is the setting for the book by Frank Heller called The Thousand and Second Night. The German novelist Karl May also describes a dangerous crossing near the lake. According to legend, the Greek goddess Athena was born here. Interestingly, the lake is also the namesake for the Jerid Lacuna. This is an endorheic hydrocarbon lake on Saturn's moon, Titan. That lake contains liquid methane and ethane instead of water.

There have been large-scale ideas to change the lake's environment. Since the mid-2010s, people have been interested in connecting it to the Mediterranean. This project aims to create a "Sahara Sea." An association called Cooperation Road was formed for this purpose. In 2018, they obtained approval from the Tunisian government. Similar projects were considered by France during the 19th and 20th centuries. Currently, freshwater irrigation schemes are being used in the region. These schemes help to eliminate salt from the soils. This process helps to increase the productive area of the land.

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File:Chott el Djerid - Lars homestead.jpg
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