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Chinese cabbage

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Chinese cabbage refers to two main groups of leafy vegetables. These plants belong to the species Brassica rapa. They are widely used in many different Chinese cuisines. Scientists classify them as subspecies pekinensis and chinensis. These vegetables belong to the same genus as common staples like broccoli and cauliflower. They are highly valued for their nutritional qualities and culinary uses. Today, they are found in markets across the entire world.

Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)
Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)

The two main groups grow in very different ways. The Pekinensis Group is often called napa cabbage. It features broad green leaves with white petioles, which are the stalks of the leaves. These leaves wrap tightly into a cylindrical shape. This shape often forms a very compact head. This group is very popular in northern China. It is especially common around the city of Beijing, also known as Peking.

The Chinensis Group includes the well-known vegetable bok choy. These plants do not form tight, round heads like napa cabbage. Instead, they grow in clusters of smooth, dark green leaves. These leaf blades often look like mustard or celery. This group is very popular in southern China and Southeast Asia. Because these plants are winter-hardy, they are also grown in Northern Europe. The scientist Linnaeus once classified this group as its own species called B. chinensis.

Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)
Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)

These vegetables have a deep history rooted in China. They were primarily grown in the Yangtze River Delta region. During the Ming dynasty, a naturalist named Li Shizhen helped popularize them. He brought attention to their important medicinal qualities. Around the 14th century, a specific variety was grown in Zhejiang. This variety was eventually brought to northern regions. Soon, the northern harvests of napa cabbage grew larger than the southern ones. These crops traveled south again via the Grand Canal to Hangzhou. They were then traded by sea as far south as Guangdong.

Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)
Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)

Different cultures use these cabbages to make unique traditional foods. In Northeastern China, napa cabbage is a staple for making suan cai. This is a type of Chinese sauerkraut. In Korea, napa cabbage is used to make baek-kimchi. This specific food eventually developed into the famous dish known as kimchi. The cabbage is also known by many different names globally. In Tagalog, it is called Baguio petsay or petsay wombok. In Hokkien, it is called "wong a pak." Other names include baechu, hakusai, and "wongbok."

Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)
Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)

Chinese cabbage is even a subject of modern space science. In 2017, a crop was grown aboard the International Space Station. Astronauts used a special plant growth device for this experiment. Some of the cabbage was grown specifically for the crew to eat. The rest of the crop was saved for scientific study. This shows how these plants are important for both food and research. They remain a vital link between ancient agriculture and future space exploration.

Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)
Starr-070730-7871-Brassica rapa-Chinese cabbage-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797118771)

There are other related plants in the Brassica family. One is the Alboglabra Group, also known as choy sum. This is scientifically known as Brassica rapa var. parachinensis. Another related plant is the turnip. The turnip is the same species, Brassica rapa, but it is grown in Europe for its roots. This shows how one species can be used in many different ways. Whether as a leaf or a root, these plants are essential to many diets.

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