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Chatham Islands

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The Chatham Islands are an archipelago located in the Pacific Ocean.

Chatham-Islands map topo en
Chatham-Islands map topo en

They sit east of the South Island of New Zealand. The group consists of approximately ten islands within a certain radius. The two largest islands are Chatham Island and Pitt Island.

View from Chatham Islands
View from Chatham Islands

The islands include the Forty-Fours, which is the easternmost point of New Zealand. Today, the islands are administered as part of New Zealand. They have their own unique time zone. This time is 45 minutes ahead of mainland New Zealand.

The first human inhabitants were the Moriori people. They are descendants of East Polynesians. These ancestors also settled New Zealand and are related to the Māori. Some Moriori may have migrated directly from tropical East Polynesia. Others likely arrived from mainland New Zealand around the 15th century. Because the islands were colder than tropical regions, Moriori could not grow many traditional plants. They lived as hunter-gatherers and fishermen instead. They even invented a unique vessel called a waka kōrari.

Moriori people
Moriori people

This was a semi-submerged craft made of flax. It used air bladders from kelp to stay afloat. They used these boats for birding missions to outer islands.

Moriori society followed specific rules for peace. A chief named Nunuku-whenua outlawed bloodshed after generations of warfare. Disputes were settled by consensus or through specific duels. In these duels, a fight ended at the first sign of blood. This helped maintain a peaceful way of life. In 2024, archaeologists found parts of a traditional waka in a creek.

Chatham Island Tree Carving
Chatham Island Tree Carving

The find included about 450 pieces of timber and braided fibre. Experts believe this waka is from the pre-European period. It may date back to before the cultural separation between the Pacific and New Zealand.

European contact changed the islands forever. In 1791, Captain William R. Broughton arrived on the Vancouver Expedition. He named the main island after John Pitt, the 2nd Earl of Chatham. During this landing, a Moriori resident named Torotoro was killed.

Torotoro Monument Kaingaroa
Torotoro Monument Kaingaroa

Soon, sealers and whalers used the islands as a base for hunting. These foreigners introduced new diseases to the islands. It is estimated that 10 to 20 per cent of the Moriori died from these illnesses. The sealing and whaling industries eventually ended around 1861.

A major shift occurred in 1835 when Māori arrived. About 900 people from the Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama iwi arrived on the ship Lord Rodney. They brought pigs, seed potatoes, and seven large waka. The Moriori initially cared for these visitors. However, the Māori intended to stay and lay claim to the land. This led to violent conflict. More than 260 Moriori were killed during these attacks. The survivors were often enslaved by the Māori. This period of slavery lasted until a resident magistrate issued a proclamation in 1863. By that time, only 160 Moriori remained, which was less than 10 per cent of their 1835 population.

Political changes also shaped the islands' future. In 1841, the New Zealand Company tried to sell the islands to Germany. The contract was for £10,000, which is about £860,000 in 2023 money. The sale fell through because the British Colonial Office intervened. They declared the islands part of the Colony of New Zealand. The islands officially became part of the colony in 1842. Later, in 1865, the Māori leader Te Kooti was exiled to the islands. He and his followers lived in whare and worked on sheep farms. They even built stone prison cells and a redoubt. They eventually escaped back to the North Island in 1868.

Today, the Chatham Islands focus on conservation and local industry. The islands are known for farming, fishing, and tourism. Some islands are now nature reserves to protect unique flora and fauna.

Chatham islands forgetmenot
Chatham islands forgetmenot

Visitors might see the Chatham pigeon or massive phytoplankton blooms.

20180930 Chathams 153
20180930 Chathams 153
Bloom around the Chatham Islands, New Zealand
Bloom around the Chatham Islands, New Zealand

The main settlement and port is Waitangi.

Waitangi settlement - 1907
Waitangi settlement - 1907

Local administration is handled by the Chatham Islands Council. This council has powers similar to New Zealand's unitary authorities.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Chatham Island Tree Carving.JPG
Chatham Island Tree Carving.JPG
File:Torotoro Monument Kaingaroa.jpg
Torotoro Monument Kaingaroa.jpg
File:Moriori people.jpg
Moriori people.jpg
File:Waitangi settlement - 1907.jpg
Waitangi settlement - 1907.jpg
File:Chatham-Islands map topo en.svg
Chatham-Islands map topo en.svg
File:Schist formations, Kaingaroa, Chatham Islands.jpg
Schist formations, Kaingaroa, Chatham Islands.jpg
File:Chatham islands forgetmenot.jpg
Chatham islands forgetmenot.jpg
File:20180930 Chathams 153.jpg
20180930 Chathams 153.jpg
File:Bloom around the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.jpg
Bloom around the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.jpg
File:View from Chatham Islands.jpg
View from Chatham Islands.jpg
File:Landing approach to Tuuta Airport, Chatham Island.jpg
Landing approach to Tuuta Airport,...
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