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Cartoon

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

A cartoon is a special kind of visual art. It is often drawn in a style that is not realistic. Today, people use the word in two main ways. Some use it to mean funny drawings like gag cartoons or comic strips. Others use it to describe animation, which are moving pictures.

SubstanceandShadow
SubstanceandShadow

Long ago, the word meant something very different. In the Middle Ages, a cartoon was a full-size preparatory drawing. Artists made these on strong, heavy paper or sturdy pasteboard. They used them as a model for big works like paintings or tapestries.

V&A - Raphael, Christ's Charge to Peter (1515)
V&A - Raphael, Christ's Charge to Peter (1515)

To make a fresco, an artist might use a cartoon to stay accurate. They would hold the drawing against a wall of damp plaster. Sometimes they used a method called "pouncing." They would poke tiny holes along the lines of the drawing. Then, they patted a bag of soot over it to leave black dots.

V&A - Raphael, Christ's Charge to Peter (1515)
V&A - Raphael, Christ's Charge to Peter (1515)

In 1843, a magazine called Punch began using the word for humor. They used it for satirical drawings, which are meant to poke fun at things. This changed how people saw the word forever.

Punch Davy Jones's Locker
Punch Davy Jones's Locker

Famous artists like Sir John Tenniel joined Punch in 1850. He drew over two thousand cartoons during his fifty years there. He also illustrated the famous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

Cartoons can also be very serious tools for change. Political cartoons use humor to comment on news and leaders. In New York City, Thomas Nast drew 160 cartoons about the Tweed machine. His drawings were so good they helped bring the criminal group down.

Tammany Ring, Nast crop
Tammany Ring, Nast crop

Some cartoons even move on a screen through animation. These use many drawings in a row to create the feeling of motion.

Animhorse
Animhorse
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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:SubstanceandShadow.jpg
SubstanceandShadow.jpg
File:V&A - Raphael, Christ's Charge to Peter (1515).jpg
V&A - Raphael, Christ's Charge to Peter (1515).jpg
File:Punch Davy Jones's Locker.png
Punch Davy Jones's Locker.png
File:Tammany Ring, Nast crop.jpg
Tammany Ring, Nast crop.jpg
File:Animhorse.gif
Animhorse.gif
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