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A career is a metaphorical journey through a person's life. It includes learning, work, and many other life experiences. The term has several different meanings depending on how it is used. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as a person's progress through life. It can also refer to a specific profession that requires special training. Some people use the term to describe a sequence of related jobs. For example, one might have a career in education or the building trade. Organizational behavior researchers view it as a unique pattern of experiences. These experiences occur both inside and outside of organizations over a lifespan.

The word "career" has a very old history. It comes from the Latin word "carrus," which means a chariot. In the 1530s, the word described a running course or a race. It was often used to describe the course of the sun across the sky. By the year 1800, the meaning had expanded to include professional lives. Books from that time mention literary, business, and professional careers. This shows the term was already in regular use by the turn of the 19th century. This evolution shows how our language changes to describe human activity.

In the past, careers were often very stable. During the 1950s and 1960s, people typically worked for only one or two firms. Success was measured by objective criteria like salary and promotions. Donald Super created a linear career stage model to explain this. He suggested that people moved up a company hierarchy for extrinsic rewards. Today, the world is much more unpredictable. Fast economic and technological changes mean a "job for life" is rare. Many adults now hold dual or multiple careers at the same time. This can happen sequentially or even concurrently.

Career management is the active and purposeful direction of one's path. It involves specific skills to navigate the labor market. One method is the Blueprint model used in the United States, Canada, Australia, Scotland, and England. Another method is the Seven C's of Digital Career Literacy. These focus on skills needed for the internet. Key skills include researching the market and determining if more education is needed. Individuals must also learn to find job openings and manage changes. Modern career management is now the responsibility of the individual rather than the employer.

Choosing a career involves complex decision-making processes. Researchers use three main theories to explain these choices. Objective factor theory assumes applicants are rational. They assess tangible benefits like salary, location, and advancement opportunities. Subjective factor theory suggests social and psychological factors are more important. This includes the reputation of an organization or the status of a job. Critical contact theory focuses on the interaction between the candidate and the company. For example, how a recruiter responds can influence a professional's decision. In reality, competition and job scarcity can also impact these choices.

Changing occupations is a common part of a modern life. A 1979 study by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics found many people change jobs frequently. It showed that individuals aged 18 to 38 may hold more than 10 jobs. People change for many reasons, such as organizational restructuring or new opportunities. A survey by Right Management noted that 54% of people change due to downsizing. Others seek better work-life balance or better compensation. Some move because a company relocates or because of poor leadership. As of 2008, one in three employees spent an hour daily searching for new positions.

Success in a career can be measured in many ways. Objective success includes verifiable facts like earnings and status. However, many people now focus on subjective success. This includes job satisfaction and personal achievement. It also includes finding work that matches personal values. Success is often influenced by different forms of career capital. Social capital involves the depth of a person's contacts. Human capital refers to demonstrable abilities and qualifications. Economic capital is the money available for career resources. Finally, cultural capital includes the know-how to operate in social contexts.

Many resources exist to support people in their professional journeys. Career support is provided during education, job transitions, or retirement. It can be informal, coming from family and friends. Professional support is often provided by the public sector. One type of support is career information, which includes labor market information. This includes data on salaries and employment rates. Another type is career assessment. These are tests that identify a person's interests, values, and skills. These tools help people determine how they might match with certain careers.

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