Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🧬

Calendula

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Calendula is a genus of about 15 to 20 species of herbaceous plants. These plants belong to the Asteraceae family, which is also known as the daisy family. Many people recognize these plants by their common name, marigolds.

Calendula officinalis 01
Calendula officinalis 01

The name Calendula comes from a modern Latin diminutive of the word *calendae*. This translates to "little calendar," "little clock," or perhaps "little weather-glass." Another common name is "Mary's gold," which refers to the Virgin Mary. This specific name is often used for the species *Calendula officinalis*.

Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717
Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717

These plants are native to several distinct geographic regions. They can be found in Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia, West Asia, and the Western Himalayas. The center of diversity for the genus is located in the Mediterranean Region. There are many different species within this group. Some examples include *Calendula arvensis*, which is called the field marigold or wild marigold. Other types include the sea marigold, known as *Calendula maritima*, and the Madeiran marigold, known as *Calendula incana subsp. maderensis*.

Calendula officinalis 01
Calendula officinalis 01

Historically, people have used Calendula for magic, religion, and food. Ancient Greeks and Romans used the golden flowers in ceremonies and rituals. They sometimes wore garlands or crowns made from the petals. In India, Calendula flowers are considered sacred. They have been used since early times to decorate statues of Hindu deities. In the 16th century, an Englishman named John Gerard noted that Dutch cuisine often used the petals in soups.

Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717
Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717

In the past, Calendula was also used in various potions and medicines. One 16th-century potion used Calendula to claim it could reveal fairies. An unmarried woman might use a blend of powdered Calendula, marjoram, thyme, and wormwood simmered in white wine and honey. This mixture served as an ointment in a ritual to find a true match. By the 17th century, Nicholas Culpeper claimed the plant benefited the heart. However, it was not always seen as a highly effective medicine during those times.

Calendula officinalis 01
Calendula officinalis 01

Today, the petals are often called "poor man's saffron" because of their uses. The petals are edible and have a mildly sweet, slightly bitter taste. This flavor becomes more intense as the petals dry. You can use them fresh in salads or dried to color cheese. They also act as a substitute for saffron. People use them to add color to poultry, stews, custards, and liquors. Furthermore, extracts from the flowers can create dyes in shades of orange, gold, and yellow.

Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717
Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717

Scientists study the complex chemistry found within the flowers of *Calendula officinalis*. The flowers contain several active compounds. These include saponins, sesquiterpene glucoside, and flavonol glycosides. They also contain triterpene oligoglycosides and oleanane-type triterpene glycosides.

Calendula officinalis 01
Calendula officinalis 01

These chemical components are why the plant is used in many products. For example, *Calendula officinalis* oil is used as an anti-inflammatory to help heal wounds. Many skin products use Calendula to treat minor burns, cuts, or skin irritation.

Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717
Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717

Modern research has explored many pharmacological effects of the plant. In laboratory settings, extracts have shown antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies suggest that *Calendula officinalis* ointment can help prevent radiation dermatitis. This is a skin reaction that can happen during radiation therapy for breast cancer. In clinical trials, the ointment helped reduce pain and dermatitis. This helped reduce the number of patients who had to skip radiation treatments.

Calendula officinalis 01
Calendula officinalis 01

There are still many things to learn about how Calendula works in the body. In experiments with rabbits, extracts showed both spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects. This provides a scientific reason for the traditional use of the plant for constipation and abdominal cramps. However, users should be careful with the plant. Calendula can cause allergic reactions in some people. It should also be avoided by people who are pregnant.

Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717
Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717
617 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:Calendula officinalis 01.jpg
Calendula officinalis 01.jpg
File:Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717.jpg
Calendula-arvensis-by-Zachi-Evenor-IZE11717.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.