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Cable transport

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Cable transport is a broad category of movement systems that use cables to move people or goods. These systems are essential for overcoming difficult terrain, such as steep mountains or large urban gaps.

Cable Transport 2
Cable Transport 2

Vehicles in these systems are often called cable cars. They can be driven by motors or move passively using gravity. The mechanism usually involves pulleys and the careful balancing of loads. By pulling, sliding, or sailing along a cable, these systems provide a way to travel where roads might be too difficult to build.

There are two main types of cable transport: aerial and ground-based. Aerial transport involves cables strung between supports, with cars suspended in the air. This category includes aerial tramways, chairlifts, funitels, gondolas, and zip lines.

MayflowerTramwayBucket
MayflowerTramwayBucket

Cable railways, however, use cars that run on rails at ground level. These rails are often steeply inclined. A common ground version is the gravity incline. In this system, two parallel tracks sit on a steep gradient. A single rope winds around a winding drum to connect two sets of wagons. When loaded wagons descend from the top, their weight pulls empty wagons up from the bottom. A brake on the drum controls the speed of this movement.

Special feature in Y Cymro on the Llechwedd slate quarry at Blaenau Ffestiniog (15367488824)
Special feature in Y Cymro on the Llechwedd slate quarry at Blaenau Ffestiniog (15367488824)

The history of cable transport spans thousands of years. Illustrations from 250 BC show rope-drawn transport in South China. In 1616, Fausto Veranzio designed a bi-cable passenger ropeway. Later, Adam Wybe is credited with building the first operational system in 1644. During the 1800s, technology improved with the use of wire rope. American inventor Peter Cooper built a two-mile-long tramway in 1853 to move iron ore. In 1873, Andrew Hallidie introduced the first commercially successful cable railway in San Francisco.

LLOYD(1876) VIEW OF CLAY STREET SHOWING THE WIRE RAILROAD pg191
LLOYD(1876) VIEW OF CLAY STREET SHOWING THE WIRE RAILROAD pg191

His system used steel cables and a human-operated grip to start and stop cars safely.

Cable transport also revolutionized winter sports through specialized lifts. The first surface lift began operating in Germany in 1908. In 1934, the Swiss engineer Ernst Constam invented the J-bar and T-bar mechanisms.

Harvey Cable Car
Harvey Cable Car

The first chairlift was developed by James Curran in 1936. Curran adapted a cable hoist he had used for loading bananas in Honduras to create this new design. Today, these lifts are vital for mountain resorts worldwide.

In modern cities, these systems are known as urban cableways. They are used to cross rivers, islands, or major motorways.

In Medellín, Colombia, the Metrocable system has helped reduce city crime rates. Urban cable cars are often more efficient than cars in certain settings. They have a small environmental footprint and cause less air pollution. They also require very little space at ground level. A World Bank study notes that these systems typically reach speeds of 10 to 20 km/h. They can carry up to 2,000 people per hour in each direction.

Línea Roja de Mi Teleférico en La Paz, Bolivia
Línea Roja de Mi Teleférico en La Paz, Bolivia

In La Paz, Bolivia, one 16km long line carries up to 65,000 people every 24 hours.

Safety is a major consideration for these high-capacity systems. While accidents can occur, they are statistically rare compared to other transport. A study by TÜV SÜD found that for every 100 million hours of travel, there are only two deaths due to cable car accidents. This is much lower than the 25 deaths per 100 million hours for car accidents. Most cable car accidents are caused by passenger behavior. However, some major accidents have been caused by external factors, such as aircraft or drilling rigs.

Cablecar.zellamsee.500pix
Cablecar.zellamsee.500pix

Today, cable transport continues to grow as a solution for urban and rural challenges. Some projects are being planned in places like Chicago and Mombasa. The shift away from cars due to pollution concerns is making cable transport more popular again. From the high-altitude 3S cablecar in Zermatt, Switzerland, to urban gondolas in South America, these systems connect the world in unique ways.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Cablecar.zellamsee.500pix.jpg
Cablecar.zellamsee.500pix.jpg
File:Cable Transport 2.jpg
Cable Transport 2.jpg
File:MayflowerTramwayBucket.jpg
MayflowerTramwayBucket.jpg
File:Special feature in Y Cymro on the Llechwedd slate quarry at Blaenau Ffestiniog (15367488824).jpg
Special feature in Y Cymro on the...
File:Harvey Cable Car.jpg
Harvey Cable Car.jpg
File:LLOYD(1876) VIEW OF CLAY STREET SHOWING THE WIRE RAILROAD pg191.jpg
LLOYD(1876) VIEW OF CLAY STREET SHOWING...
File:Línea Roja de Mi Teleférico en La Paz, Bolivia.jpg
Línea Roja de Mi Teleférico en La Paz, Bolivia.jpg
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