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C. Wright Mills

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C. Wright Mills was a prominent American sociologist and professor. Sociology is the scientific study of social behavior and society. Mills taught at Columbia University from 1946 until his death in 1962. He is best known for his influential books on power and social structure. These works include "The Power Elite," "White Collar," and "The Sociological Imagination."

Mills believed that intellectuals had a responsibility to be active in society. He argued against being a disinterested observer of political events. Instead, he encouraged people to engage directly with public and political life. This approach helped shape the "New Left" social movements during the 1960s.

Mills was born on August 28, 1916, in Waco, Texas. His father, Charles Grover Mills, worked as an insurance broker. His mother, Frances Ursula Mills, was a homemaker. While Mills was raised in an Anglo-Irish Catholic family, he became an atheist. In high school, he studied engineering, algebra, and physics. He initially attended Texas A&M University to satisfy his father's wishes. However, he found the atmosphere suffocating and transferred to the University of Texas at Austin.

At Texas, he studied anthropology, social psychology, sociology, and philosophy. He graduated in 1939 with a bachelor's in sociology and a master's in philosophy.

During his academic journey, Mills formed several important professional partnerships. He met Hans Gerth, a German political refugee and sociology professor. Gerth became a mentor and a close collaborator for thirteen years. Together, they translated the works of Max Weber, a famous sociologist. They also co-authored "Character and Social Structure."

Mills earned his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1942. His dissertation focused on the sociology of knowledge. Mills was known for his strong personality and refused to revise his dissertation during the review process. This work was eventually accepted without the committee's approval.

Mills's career involved many different roles and locations. He served as an associate professor at the University of Maryland from 1941 to 1945. During World War II, he collaborated with historians like Richard Hofstadter. In 1945, he moved to New York to work at Columbia University. He received a $2,500 grant from the Guggenheim Foundation in 1945 to fund his research.

He later served as a visiting professor at the University of Chicago in 1949. By 1956, he had achieved the rank of full Professor of Sociology at Columbia. His professional life was often described as tumultuous because he frequently challenged his peers.

His writing process was intense and physically demanding. Mills was described as a man in a hurry. He used a portable Corona typewriter to draft his manuscripts. He often typed on coarse yellow paper and made revisions with a sharp pencil.

This method created dense, difficult-to-read drafts. His wives often helped him with his work. His first wife, Dorothy Helen Smith, edited much of his early work. His second wife, Ruth Harper, a statistician, assisted with "White Collar" and "The Power Elite." His third wife, Yaroslava Surmach, was an artist.

In 1960, Mills traveled to Cuba for 16 days to conduct research. He interviewed many Cuban civilians and government officials. This trip resulted in his book, "Listen, Yankee." During this time, he also interviewed President Fidel Castro. Castro claimed to have studied Mills's book, "The Power Elite."

Mills was a supporter of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. He was also a bold critic of censorship. While visiting the Soviet Union, he publicly criticized the Stalinist purges. He used his platform to advocate for political freedom and radical democracy.

Despite his intellectual energy, Mills struggled with significant health issues. He had high blood pressure, which prevented him from serving in the military during World War II. His cardiac problems were identified more clearly in 1956. He suffered a major heart attack in December 1960. Doctors warned him that his next heart attack would likely be fatal.

On March 20, 1962, Mills died of his fourth heart attack at age 45. He passed away in West Nyack, New York. His legacy remains tied to his ideas about how individuals relate to the larger structures of power.

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