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BRICS

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BRICS is an intergovernmental organization made up of ten different nations. These countries include Brazil, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates.

2024 BRICS Summit (1729759568)
2024 BRICS Summit (1729759568)

This group acts as a major political force in the global international order. Together, these members represent nearly half of the world's total population. They also account for more than a quarter of the global economy.

BRICS AND G7 GDP Nominal share between 1990 to 2024
BRICS AND G7 GDP Nominal share between 1990 to 2024

Some observers view the group as a potential alternative to the G7. Others argue the group is a collection of very different countries with shared goals.

The organization functions through high-level summits and the creation of shared institutions. Member governments meet annually at formal summits to coordinate multilateral policies. Over its first 15 years, BRICS established almost 60 different intra-group institutions. These include various think tanks, business councils, and academic forums.

9YAN 5350 (52766002359)
9YAN 5350 (52766002359)

One major goal is to reform the global financial system. The group works toward de-dollarization, which means reducing the use of the U.S. dollar as a reserve currency. They use tools like BRICS PAY and the BRICS Joint Statistical Publication to help members work together.

A central part of this cooperation is the New Development Bank, or NDB. The NDB is the premier institution of the BRICS group. It is headquartered in Shanghai, China.

New Development Bank HQ Shanghai
New Development Bank HQ Shanghai

The bank was created to help member states with economic development. In 2013, members agreed to create this institution to work alongside the IMF and World Bank. During the planning stages, China committed $41 billion to the fund. Brazil, India, and Russia each committed $18 billion. South Africa contributed $5 billion.

NDB-HQ-LOGO
NDB-HQ-LOGO

The NDB has plans to provide $15 billion to help member states with struggling economies.

The history of the group began with a focus on economic concepts. In 1998, Russian foreign minister Yevgeny Primakov articulated the idea of a multipolar group. This idea was supported by earlier informal forums like RIC and IBSA. In 2001, British economist Jim O'Neill coined the term "BRIC." He used the term to describe emerging markets in a publication for Goldman Sachs.

PM Narendra Modi meeting President of China Xi Jinping at the 16th BRICS Summit (2024) 01
PM Narendra Modi meeting President of China Xi Jinping at the 16th BRICS Summit (2024) 01

The first official summit for the BRIC group occurred in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in 2009. Leaders from Brazil, Russia, India, and China met to discuss the Great Recession. They wanted to improve the global economic situation and reform financial institutions.

Membership has expanded significantly since those first four countries met. South Africa joined the group in December 2010. This addition changed the acronym from BRIC to BRICS. In 2024, the group grew again when Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates attended their first summit as members. Indonesia officially joined in early 2025, becoming the first Southeast Asian member.

PM in a family photograph during the BRICS Leaders Retreat Meeting, at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 23, 2023 (1)
PM in a family photograph during the BRICS Leaders Retreat Meeting, at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 23, 2023 (1)

Because of this growth, the term "BRICS Plus" is often used to describe the larger group.

Beyond finance, the members collaborate on many scientific and technological projects. In 2021, the group agreed to build a satellite constellation together. This system will allow them to share remote sensing satellite data. They also use six existing satellites from China, Russia, and India for this purpose. Russia has even proposed that members build a joint research station on its space station.

2024 BRICS Games opening ceremony 31
2024 BRICS Games opening ceremony 31

In Kazan, the group announced new projects like a Digital Ecosystem Cooperation Network. They also plan to work on a Deep-Sea Resources International Research Center.

BRICS is connected to many other global systems and debates. All five original members and Indonesia are also members of the G20. The group often discusses major international conflicts and humanitarian crises. This includes discussions regarding Gaza, Ukraine, and Sudan. For example, in 2024, BRICS foreign ministers released a joint statement regarding attacks in Gaza. While the group has many supporters, it also faces criticism. Some experts, including Jim O'Neill, have questioned if the group can act as a unified global force. Despite these debates, the group remains a significant part of modern international relations.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:New Development Bank HQ Shanghai.jpg
New Development Bank HQ Shanghai.jpg
File:NDB-HQ-LOGO.jpg
NDB-HQ-LOGO.jpg
File:PM in a family photograph during the BRICS Leaders Retreat Meeting, at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 23, 2023 (1).jpg
PM in a family photograph during the...
File:2024 BRICS Games opening ceremony 31.jpg
2024 BRICS Games opening ceremony 31.jpg
File:9YAN 5350 (52766002359).jpg
9YAN 5350 (52766002359).jpg
File:2024 BRICS Summit (1729759568).jpg
2024 BRICS Summit (1729759568).jpg
File:BRICS AND G7 GDP Nominal share between 1990 to 2024.png
BRICS AND G7 GDP Nominal share between...
File:GDP BRICS G7.svg
GDP BRICS G7.svg
File:20045-Shanghai-Pano (cropped).jpg
20045-Shanghai-Pano (cropped).jpg
File:Signing of documents at 6th BRICS Summit.jpeg
Signing of documents at 6th BRICS Summit.jpeg
File:Destructions in Kharkiv after Russian attack, 2024-10-30 (11).jpg
Destructions in Kharkiv after Russian...
File:14 11 2019 Diálogo dos Líderes com o Conselho Empresarial do BRICS e o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (49066644892).jpg
14 11 2019 Diálogo dos Líderes com o...

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