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Boverisuchus

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Boverisuchus is an extinct genus of planocraniid crocodyliforms. These were reptiles related to modern crocodiles. They lived during the early to middle Eocene epoch. This era is known as the Ypresian to Lutetian stages. Scientists find their fossils in Germany and western North America. They were not like the crocodiles we see today. Instead, they were built for life on solid ground.

Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis
Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis

This makes them a very important subject for studying reptile evolution.

The physical build of Boverisuchus shows it was a land hunter. It had long limbs that suggested a cursorial habitus. Cursorial means it was adapted for running. Its toes were shaped like small hooves. These hooves helped it move across land rather than through water. Its skin was likely covered in heavy armor. Even its tail was different from modern crocodiles. The tail was round in cross-section. It lacked the osteoderm crest found on living crocodiles. This unique shape might have allowed the animal to gallop.

Boverisuchus vorax
Boverisuchus vorax

One of the most striking features was its teeth. These teeth were ziphodont. This means they were laterally compressed and very sharp. They also had serrated edges like a saw. Modern crocodiles often hunt by drowning their prey in water. Boverisuchus could not use that method on land. Its sharp, serrated teeth allowed it to hunt terrestrial mammals instead. Because these teeth looked so much like those of theropod dinosaurs, they caused a great mystery.

Boverisuchus vorax
Boverisuchus vorax

For a time, paleontologists thought non-avian dinosaurs had survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

The history of naming Boverisuchus has been quite complex. The type species is Boverisuchus magnifrons. Paleontologist Oskar Kuhn first named it in 1938. He found it in the Lutetian of Germany. For many years, most scientists thought it was actually a species called Pristichampsus rollinatii. They viewed Boverisuchus as a junior synonym. This means they thought it was just another name for the same animal. However, a researcher named Brochu changed this in 2013.

Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis
Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis

He performed a revision of the genus Pristichampsus. He found that Pristichampsus rollinatii was a nomen dubium. This means the original material was not enough to identify it clearly. As a result, Boverisuchus was reinstated as a valid genus.

Scientists have identified several different species within this group. Brochu assigned Crocodylus vorax as the second species of Boverisuchus. This species was previously called Pristichampsus vorax. There may even be more species that we have not named yet. Material from the middle Eocene in Italy and Texas might belong to a new species. Additionally, two species of Planocrania in Asia are very closely related to Boverisuchus. Because of these connections, the name Planocraniidae was reinstated. This group now contains these related genera.

Boverisuchus vorax
Boverisuchus vorax

We can learn a lot about the diet of Boverisuchus from fossils. In North America, B. vorax lived in the Bridger Formation. This area was home to many large predatory mammals. These included the mesonychids Harpagolestes and Mesonyx. It also lived alongside the oxyaenid Patriofelis. We know exactly what some of these animals ate. Stomach contents from B. vorax show it preyed on a tapiroid called Helaletes. This gives us a clear picture of the food web in the middle Eocene.

Boverisuchus vorax
Boverisuchus vorax

The exact place of Boverisuchus on the tree of life is still debated. This is called phylogeny, or the study of evolutionary relationships. Some studies using morphological data place Planocraniidae in a basal position. This means they are near the base of the crocodilian crown group. Other studies suggest they lie just outside Brevirostres. Brevirostres is a group containing alligators, caimans, and crocodiles. However, molecular studies using DNA sequencing have challenged these ideas. A 2018 study by Lee and Yates used molecular and stratigraphic data. They found that planocraniids were outside the crown group Crocodylia.

Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis
Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis

In 2021, Rio and Mannion conducted another study. They found Planocraniidae within Crocodylia as the sister group to Longirostres. This shows that scientists are still working hard to understand these ancient reptiles.

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File:Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis.JPG
Skull of Pristichampsus geiseltalensis.JPG
File:Boverisuchus vorax.jpg
Boverisuchus vorax.jpg
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