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Blaise Compaoré

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Blaise Compaoré was a central figure in the history of Burkina Faso.

He served as the nation's second president from 1987 until 2014. This long period made him the longest-serving president in the country's history. His leadership is viewed in very different ways by different people. Some observers credit him with providing stability and economic development. However, many others criticize his government regarding human rights and wealth inequality. His life and career reflect the turbulent political shifts of the region.

Compaoré's career began in the military rather than in civilian politics. He was born in Ziniaré on February 3, 1951. After losing his parents at a young age, he became very close to the family of Thomas Sankara. He joined the military in 1971 at the age of 20. He later studied at the Yaoundé Military Academy in Cameroon. During his service, he rose through the ranks of the armed forces. He also met important figures like labor leader Soumane Touré while studying abroad.

His rise to power was marked by several coups d'état. A coup d'état is a sudden, often violent, seizure of government power. In 1983, Compaoré helped organize a coup that deposed Major Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo. Following this, he became a close ally of President Thomas Sankara. He served as Sankara's deputy and as the Minister of Justice. However, the relationship changed in 1987. Compaoré led a second coup on October 15, 1987. During this event, Thomas Sankara was killed.

Upon taking the presidency at age 36, Compaoré began a process he called "rectification." This was his term for overturning the leftist policies of the Sankara era. He reorganized the government and formed new political groups. In 1989, he founded the Organization for Popular Democracy – Labour Movement, known as ODP–MT. This group later merged with twelve other parties in 1996. This merger created the Congress for Democracy and Progress, or the CDP. This party became the main vehicle for his political power.

Compaoré maintained control through several election cycles. He won presidential elections in 1991, 1998, 2005, and 2010.

Blaise Compaore with George Bush July 16, 2008
Blaise Compaore with George Bush July 16, 2008

Many of these elections were controversial. For example, in 1991, the main opposition parties boycotted the vote. This resulted in only 25 percent of the voters participating. In 2005, he won with 80.35 percent of the vote. This victory followed a legal debate about whether he could run again. The constitutional council ruled that previous term limits did not apply to him retroactively.

His presidency also involved complex international relations and domestic challenges. In the 1990s, his government was accused of supporting rebels in Sierra Leone. He later met with representatives from France and the European Union to discuss arms embargo violations.

Blaise Compaore with Obamas
Blaise Compaore with Obamas

Domestically, he faced many protests. In 1998 and 1999, economic issues led to riots and strikes. In 2008, high living costs caused more protests. Compaoré responded by temporarily suspending import taxes on food. He also changed the costs for water and electricity to address the unrest.

The President of Burkina Faso at the CTBTO (13 June 2013) (9035557678)
The President of Burkina Faso at the CTBTO (13 June 2013) (9035557678)

The end of his rule came through a massive popular uprising in 2014. His party, the CDP, wanted to change the constitution. This amendment would have allowed him to run for office again in 2015. This plan sparked intense anger among the citizens. On October 30, 2014, protesters stormed the parliament building in Ouagadougou.

Burkina Faso Protests
Burkina Faso Protests

The protests forced Compaoré to resign and flee to the Ivory Coast. His departure marked the end of a 27-year era. In April 2022, a court sentenced him to life imprisonment in absentia for his role in the death of Thomas Sankara.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Ceremonial reception of the President of Burkina Faso, H. E. Blaise Compaore at the Rashtrapati Bhavan forecourt.jpg
Ceremonial reception of the President of...
File:Blaise Compaoré.jpeg
Blaise Compaoré.jpeg
File:Blaise Compaore with George Bush July 16, 2008.jpg
Blaise Compaore with George Bush July 16, 2008.jpg
File:The President of Burkina Faso at the CTBTO (13 June 2013) (9035557678).jpg
The President of Burkina Faso at the...
File:Burkina Faso Protests.png
Burkina Faso Protests.png
File:Ansar Dine et MNLA à Ouagadougou.PNG
Ansar Dine et MNLA à Ouagadougou.PNG
File:Blaise Compaore with Obamas.jpg
Blaise Compaore with Obamas.jpg
File:National Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Guinea).png
National Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Guinea).png
File:Mali Ordre national du Mali GC ribbon.svg
Mali Ordre national du Mali GC ribbon.svg
File:Order of Brilliant Jade (Taiwan) - ribbon bar.gif
Order of Brilliant Jade (Taiwan) - ribbon bar.gif
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