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Black Stone

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The Black Stone is a sacred rock embedded in the eastern corner of the Kaaba. The Kaaba is an ancient building located at the center of the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

Black stone
Black stone

This corner is known as al-Rukn al-Aswad, which means the "Corner of the Black Stone." Most Muslims revere the stone as an important Islamic relic. According to tradition, the stone dates back to the time of Adam and Eve. Some scholars also consider the stone to be a baetyl. A baetyl is an unshaped stone that is treated as sacred.

The Ka'ba, Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia (4)
The Ka'ba, Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia (4)

Physically, the Black Stone appears as a dark, fragmented rock. It is no longer a single piece. Instead, it consists of seven or eight fragments held together by a cement matrix. These fragments are encased in a silver frame. This frame is fastened to the Kaaba's outer wall with silver nails. The exposed face of the stone measures approximately 30 by 40 centimeters. While its original size is unknown, historical records show its dimensions have changed over time. In the 10th century, an observer described it as being one cubit long. By the 17th century, it was recorded as being much smaller.

Black Stone front and side
Black Stone front and side

The exact composition of the stone is a subject of much interest. Some people believe the stone is a meteorite from space. However, the stone has never been analyzed with modern scientific techniques. This means its true origins remain a matter of speculation. Descriptions of its appearance vary among travelers. An Austrian consul-general named Ritter von Laurin inspected a fragment in 1817. He reported a pitch-black exterior and a silver-grey interior. He also noted tiny cubes of a bottle-green material embedded inside. Other reports mention white or yellow spots on the face. The stone is officially described as being white, except for its face.

Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad set the stone in its current position in 605. This was five years before his first revelation. A famous story from the biography of Muhammad explains how this happened. The clans of Mecca were renovating the Kaaba after a major fire. They could not agree on which clan should honor the stone by placing it. They decided to let the next person through the gate make the choice. That person was 35-year-old Muhammad. He used a cloth to solve the dispute. He placed the stone in the center of the cloth. Each clan leader held a corner of the fabric. This allowed all clans to carry the stone together.

Mohammed kaaba 1315
Mohammed kaaba 1315

Throughout history, the Black Stone has faced several periods of damage and desecration. In 683, it was reportedly smashed by a stone from a catapult during a siege. Later, in 930, the Qarmatians stole the stone. They took it to their base in Hajar for twenty-three years. The stone was eventually returned to Mecca in 952. It was delivered in a sack to the Great Mosque of Kufa. This theft caused the stone to break into several pieces. To protect the fragments, goldsmiths built the silver frame used today. For centuries, Ottoman Sultans acted as the Custodians of the Two Holy Mosques. They maintained the silver frame and the black cloth, known as the kiswah. Worn-out frames were sent to Istanbul and kept in the Topkapı Palace.

The stone plays a vital role in the Hajj pilgrimage. During this time, pilgrims perform a ritual called tawaf. This involves walking around the Kaaba seven times in a counterclockwise direction.

Black stone
Black stone

This ritual emulates the actions of Muhammad. Many pilgrims attempt to kiss the Black Stone. They may also touch it with their hands. Because the crowds are often very large, kissing the stone is not always possible. In these cases, it is acceptable to point toward the stone with the right hand. Some people view the stone as a marker to help count the circuits.

Muhammad Ali at the black stone 1972
Muhammad Ali at the black stone 1972

While the stone is highly revered, Islamic theologians offer an important distinction. They emphasize that the stone itself has no divine significance. Its importance is considered to be historical rather than a source of divine power. The stone serves as a symbol of connection. It is seen as a link between the earthly and the sacred. The location of the stone at the east corner may also have ritual meaning. This corner faces the east wind, which is believed to bring rain. It also faces the direction where the star Canopus rises. This connects the stone to broader patterns in the natural world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Black stone.jpg
Black stone.jpg
File:Black Stone front and side.PNG
Black Stone front and side.PNG
File:Mohammed kaaba 1315.jpg
Mohammed kaaba 1315.jpg
File:Muhammad Ali at the black stone 1972.jpg
Muhammad Ali at the black stone 1972.jpg
File:Coveting the Black Stone.jpg
Coveting the Black Stone.jpg
File:The Ka'ba, Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia (4).jpg
The Ka'ba, Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi...
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