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Beniamino Gigli

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Beniamino Gigli was a world-famous Italian opera singer. He performed as a lyric tenor, a type of male singer with a high, light voice. He is widely considered one of the greatest tenors of his generation.

Gigli was known for his unique vocal qualities. His voice was often described as sizable and honey-toned. Early in his career, he was famous for a soft, beautiful sound called a mezza-voice. This technique allowed him to sing light and lyrical roles with great ease. As he aged, his voice developed more dramatic qualities. This change allowed him to take on heavier roles, such as Ràdames in the opera Aida.

Gigli's vocal career followed a rapid and successful path. In 1914, he won first prize at an international singing competition in Parma. He made his professional operatic debut on October 15, 1914. For this debut, he played the role of Enzo in Amilcare Ponchielli's La Gioconda. Following this success, he performed at many major theaters in quick succession. He appeared at the Teatro Massimo in Palermo in 1915. He also sang at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples and the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. By 1918, he was performing at La Scala in Milan. He reached the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on November 26, 1920.

During the 1920s, Gigli faced competition from other great Italian tenors. His chief rivals for supremacy in the Italian repertory were Giovanni Martinelli and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi. While these men were talented, Gigli achieved massive international prominence. This rise happened especially after the death of the great tenor Enrico Caruso in 1921. Because of this, many people called him "Caruso Secondo," meaning the second Caruso. However, Gigli did not want this comparison. He preferred to be known as "Gigli Primo." The two singers had different vocal styles. Caruso had a bigger, darker, and more heroic voice compared to Gigli's honey-toned instrument.

Beniamino Gigli in Tosca, teatro alla Scala, 1942-1946 - collezione Tino Barindelli
Beniamino Gigli in Tosca, teatro alla Scala, 1942-1946 - collezione Tino Barindelli

Gigli's relationship with the Metropolitan Opera was complicated. He left the Met in 1932 following a dispute over pay. The general manager, Giulio Gatti-Casazza, was very angry with him. Gatti-Casazza told the press that Gigli was the only singer who refused a pay cut. However, other singers like Lily Pons and Rosa Ponselle also refused. Records show that Gatti-Casazza gave himself a large pay increase in 1931. Gigli had even offered to perform several concerts for free to make up the difference. This offer was worth more in dollars than the pay cut itself.

Beyond the opera stage, Gigli was a prolific actor. Between 1935 and 1953, he appeared in over twenty films. Some of his notable movies include the 1936 musical drama Ave Maria. He also appeared in the 1943 drama I Pagliacci, which was released in English as Laugh Pagliacci. Gigli was also known for his immense generosity. He performed close to one thousand benefit concerts to raise money for various causes. This makes him one of the most successful fundraisers in singing history. He was also deeply religious and devoted to sacred music. He often sang music by Don Lorenzo Perosi and donated large amounts of money to Padre Pio.

Gigli's personal life was often complex and marked by contradictions. He was a man of deep faith, yet his relationships with women sometimes caused public scandals. He had two children with his wife, Costanza, named Enzo and Rina. Rina Gigli became a well-known soprano singer in her own right. Gigli also had a second family with Lucia Vigarani, with whom he had three children. The exact number of his total children remains unknown. He also helped prepare his memoirs toward the end of his life. These memoirs were based on his own writings and a series of interviews.

Gigli's career faced challenges during World War II. He was able to give very few performances during the conflict. However, he returned to the stage in 1945 after the war ended. His return was met with even greater and more clamorous acclaim from audiences. Before his retirement in 1955, he went on an exhausting world tour of farewell concerts. This tour included performances at the Metropolitan Opera. Unfortunately, the travel impaired his health. Gigli died of pneumonia in Rome in 1957. His legacy lives on through his many recordings, which have been reissued on CD for modern listeners.

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Beniamino Gigli in Tosca, teatro alla...
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