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Beauty pageant

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A beauty pageant is a formal competition where contestants are judged and ranked. These rankings are based on various physical and mental attributes. While traditional pageants focused mainly on physical attractiveness, modern contests have expanded their scope. Many now evaluate "inner beauty," which includes personality, intelligence, and moral character. They may also judge aptitude and a person's commitment to charity.

Beauty show, 1922, (8-5-22) LOC npcc.06819 (cropped)
Beauty show, 1922, (8-5-22) LOC npcc.06819 (cropped)

Pageants function through a structured, multi-tiered system. Most large competitions begin with hundreds or even thousands of local contests. These local winners then advance to larger regional or national stages. Organizers set specific rules for each event. These rules can dictate the required age range for contestants. They may also require participants to be unmarried, virtuous, or available for professional promotions.

11 women and a little girl lined up for bathing beauty contest
11 women and a little girl lined up for bathing beauty contest

Contestants are often judged while wearing specific types of clothing. Common categories include formal wear, swimsuits, sportswear, or designer clothing. The judging process results in various placements or rankings. Winners often receive prestigious awards to mark their achievement. These can include titles, tiaras, crowns, scepters, or sashes. Some contests also provide bouquets, savings bonds, scholarships, or prize money. Winners are often called beauty queens in female pageants or beauty kings in male pageants.

Beauty contests have roots stretching back to ancient Greece. These early events were known as Callisteia. On the island of Lesbos, women gathered in the sanctuary of Hera to find the fairest. In Arcadia, women called Chrysophoroi competed during festivals for Demeter Eleusinia. Men also participated in Greek contests. In Elis, the most handsome man received a suit of armor to dedicate to Athena.

Miss Universe 1930 Winners
Miss Universe 1930 Winners

Ancient Greeks also held competitions that blended beauty with physical excellence. The Euandria was a display of masculine beauty focused on size and strength. The Euexia was more similar to a modern fitness competition. It emphasized muscle tone, posture, symmetry, and overall vitality. In the 19th century, European traditions like the English May Day selection of a May Queen provided a lineage for modern pageants. In 1839, the Eglinton Tournament in Scotland crowned Georgiana Seymour as the "Queen of Beauty."

Jane Georgina, Lady Seymour, Eglinton Tournament.
Jane Georgina, Lady Seymour, Eglinton Tournament.

Modern pageantry gained momentum in the early 20th century. The Miss America pageant began in 1921 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. A local businessman organized it to attract tourists to the area. The first winner was sixteen-year-old Margaret Gorman, who received $100. In 1926, the International Pageant of Pulchritude began in Galveston, Texas. This event featured contestants from nations like England, Russia, and Turkey. It eventually became known as Miss Universe and served as a model for modern contests.

Today, the industry is led by the "Big Four" international pageants. These are Miss World, Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth. Miss World was founded by Eric Morley in 1951. Miss Universe followed in 1952. Miss International began in 1960, and Miss Earth was established in 2001. Miss Earth specifically uses the pageant platform to promote environmental preservation.

These major organizations have faced various cultural shifts and challenges. For example, the Miss World swimsuit round has been moved or dropped due to protests. In 1951, Pope Pius XII condemned the use of bikinis in Miss World. Miss Universe has also adapted its rules, making bikinis optional in 2021 and allowing burkinis. Some pageants also address social issues, such as the Miss Black America contest, which started in 1968. These contests remain significant parts of global media and culture.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Miss Universe 1930 Winners.jpg
Miss Universe 1930 Winners.jpg
File:Jane Georgina, Lady Seymour, Eglinton Tournament..jpg
Jane Georgina, Lady Seymour, Eglinton...
File:Beauty show, 1922, (8-5-22) LOC npcc.06819 (cropped).jpg
Beauty show, 1922, (8-5-22) LOC...
File:Celebración del 7 Festival de Tradiciones Canarias en Cuba (2010), princesa dácil.jpg
Celebración del 7 Festival de Tradiciones...
Lone Star State Selects Beauties for 100...
File:11 women and a little girl lined up for bathing beauty contest.png
11 women and a little girl lined up for...
File:Miss Amsterdam jury 1973.jpg
Miss Amsterdam jury 1973.jpg
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