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Armour

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Armour is a protective covering designed to prevent injury or damage. It shields individuals, animals, or vehicles from physical contact with weapons or projectiles. This protection is essential during combat, but it is also used in dangerous everyday environments. For example, people wear protective gear while cycling or working on construction sites. In modern military terms, the word "armour" also refers to entire units of armored fighting vehicles and tanks.

Arms and Armor 2010-09-18
Arms and Armor 2010-09-18

The mechanism of armour involves creating a barrier between a person and a threat. Early protection relied on soft materials like leather or thick fabrics. As technology improved, humans developed mail, which consists of many small, interlocking iron rings. This design allows for flexibility while providing a defensive layer. Later, engineers developed plate armour, which uses large, solid metal sheets to cover the body. This provides much higher resistance against heavy strikes. In some cultures, such as the Aztecs, warriors used large shields rather than covering their entire bodies.

Xixia Chainmail Armor (41985701161)
Xixia Chainmail Armor (41985701161)

Armour has evolved through several distinct stages and types. In East Asia, various cultures used scale, lamellar, and laminar armour. Lamellar armour consists of small plates tied together, often forming a sleeveless jacket and leggings. In Japan, early types included tankō for foot soldiers and keikō for horsemen. Chinese warriors during the Tang and Song dynasties often used partial plates called mingguangjia. They chose to cover only important body parts to maintain the mobility needed for martial arts. In Europe, the development of the full steel plate harness became the standard for knights during the Late Middle Ages.

China Shanxi Ming dynasty - Buddhist deity GuanGong or Guan Yu - wood IMG 9575 Museum of Asian Civilisation
China Shanxi Ming dynasty - Buddhist deity GuanGong or Guan Yu - wood IMG 9575 Museum of Asian Civilisation

History shows that the production of armour has driven major technological progress. The need for metal protection encouraged advancements in mining, metal refining, and leather processing. In Medieval Europe, the widespread use of plate armour was supported by water-powered trip hammers. These machines made forming metal plates much faster and more affordable. The development of armour also influenced the evolution of firearms. As weapons became more powerful, armourers had to find ways to increase protection without making the gear too heavy for the wearer.

Paris bordone 016
Paris bordone 016

The weight and effectiveness of armour changed significantly over time. In the 14th and 15th centuries, a suit of armour might weigh only 15 kg. By the late 16th century, armour had become much thicker and heavier, sometimes reaching 25 kg. Despite this weight, high-quality plate armour was very effective against early firearms. During the early years of low-velocity guns, breastplates could actually stop bullets fired from a distance. Even cavalry horses were protected using steel plate barding. This allowed mounted knights to survive attacks from infantry while surveying the battlefield.

MET Armures
MET Armures

Even as warfare changed, armour remained relevant in different forms. During the American Civil War, some soldiers used iron and steel vests for protection. Although some vests successfully deflected bullets, many were poorly made or too heavy for long marches. In Japan, samurai armour saw its last significant use during the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877. By the start of World War I, French cavalry used metallic cuirasses that were painted dark to prevent sunlight from reflecting off them. This helped prevent enemy soldiers from spotting their location from a distance.

Elements of a Light-Cavalry Armor MET DT780
Elements of a Light-Cavalry Armor MET DT780

Today, armour technology focuses on advanced materials to protect against modern threats. Modern ballistic vests, often called flak jackets, are used by police and military personnel. These vests utilize high-strength ballistic cloths like Kevlar, Dyneema, or Twaron. They often incorporate ceramic or metal plates to stop high-velocity ammunition. For instance, the US Army uses Interceptor body armour with specialized inserts. These plates are rated to withstand multiple hits from specific types of military-grade ammunition. This connection between material science and personal safety continues to evolve as new technologies emerge.

Abrams-transparent
Abrams-transparent
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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Xixia Chainmail Armor (41985701161).jpg
Xixia Chainmail Armor (41985701161).jpg
File:Arms and Armor 2010-09-18.jpg
Arms and Armor 2010-09-18.jpg
File:Paris bordone 016.jpg
Paris bordone 016.jpg
File:Πανοπλία των Δέντρων 8005.jpg
Πανοπλία των Δέντρων 8005.jpg
File:China Shanxi Ming dynasty - Buddhist deity GuanGong or Guan Yu - wood IMG 9575 Museum of Asian Civilisation.jpg
China Shanxi Ming dynasty - Buddhist...
File:Child armour of Žygimantas Augustas, exhibited in the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in Vilnius.jpg
Child armour of Žygimantas Augustas,...
File:MET Armures.jpg
MET Armures.jpg
File:Elements of a Light-Cavalry Armor MET DT780.jpg
Elements of a Light-Cavalry Armor MET DT780.jpg
File:HMS Warrior (1860).jpg
HMS Warrior (1860).jpg
File:Wagon pancerny s.jpg
Wagon pancerny s.jpg
File:Abrams-transparent.png
Abrams-transparent.png
File:Dresden-Zwinger-Armoury-Armor.02.JPG
Dresden-Zwinger-Armoury-Armor.02.JPG

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