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Arkan

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Arkan, born Željko Ražnatović, was a prominent Serbian warlord and organized crime figure.

Karadjodjeva zvezda 2 RS
Karadjodjeva zvezda 2 RS

He is best known as the leader of the Serb Volunteer Guard, a paramilitary unit. This group was also known as "the Tigers." During the Yugoslav Wars, his unit became one of the most feared forces in the region. Arkan was a complex figure who was both a celebrated icon and a criminal. He was eventually indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. This tribunal charged him with crimes against humanity for his actions during the conflicts.

Arkan's early life was shaped by a strict and militaristic environment. He was born in 1952 in Šabac, a border town in what was then Yugoslavia.

Logo of the JNA
Logo of the JNA

His father was a high-ranking officer in the Yugoslav Air Force. Arkan grew up in a household that involved regular physical abuse from his father. As a child, teachers described him as a "problem child" due to unruly behavior. He originally hoped to follow his father's path and become a pilot. However, his criminal path began early in his youth.

His criminal career began in the mid-1960s with petty thefts. By 1972, at age 20, he migrated to Western Europe to expand his activities. He became a prolific thief, committing bank robberies and burglaries across many nations. He was active in Belgium, Sweden, the Netherlands, West Germany, and Switzerland. During this period, he earned a reputation in the Belgrade underworld known as "respected for fear." This status was achieved by committing violent crimes and surviving prison stays. He was even placed on Interpol's top 10 most wanted list.

One of the most notable aspects of his early career was his ability to escape custody. He escaped from several prisons, including the Verviers prison in Belgium and the Thorberg Prison in Switzerland. In one instance in West Germany, he escaped a prison hospital after a shootout with police. It is widely speculated that he had ties to the UDBA, the Yugoslav state security agency. This connection allegedly provided him with protection and assistance. For example, he was reportedly helped during an escape from a prison in Lugano in 1981. This support allowed him to remain a powerful figure despite his many arrests.

Arkan returned to Belgrade in 1983 and grew his influence in the city.

Continental Hotel Belgrade
Continental Hotel Belgrade

He managed illegal activities and ran the Amadeus discothèque. He also became the leader of the Delije, the fan club for the Red Star Belgrade football team. This role gave him control over a large group of rowdy football hooligans. In the late 1980s, the Ministry of the Interior asked him to manage these fans to impose order. This position helped him build the manpower he would later use for his paramilitary unit.

The Yugoslav Wars transformed Arkan from a gangster into a military commander. In October 1990, he formed the Serb Volunteer Guard. The unit was organized at a former military facility in Erdut. The force consisted of a core of 600 men, but it may have totaled more than 5,000 soldiers. The group was primarily made up of his personal friends and members of the Delije. They were equipped privately through the Serbian police reserves or by capturing enemy weapons. The unit fought in several areas, including the Vukovar region in Croatia.

During the conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia, the Serb Volunteer Guard committed many serious crimes. They were active in Eastern Bosnia and parts of Eastern Croatia, such as Dalj and Erdut. The unit was responsible for murder, pillaging, and ethnic cleansing. Ethnic cleansing refers to the forced removal of a specific group of people from an area. In Bosnia, his men engaged in the killing and forceful deportation of many Bosniak civilians. These actions led to his indictment for crimes against humanity. Arkan was assassinated in January 2000.

Arkanov grob
Arkanov grob
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File:Logo of the JNA.svg
Logo of the JNA.svg
File:Emblem Republika Srpska Army.svg
Emblem Republika Srpska Army.svg
File:Karadjodjeva_zvezda_2_RS.gif
Karadjodjeva_zvezda_2_RS.gif
File:Continental Hotel Belgrade.jpg
Continental Hotel Belgrade.jpg
File:Arkanov grob.jpg
Arkanov grob.jpg
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