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Aquamarine (gem)

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Aquamarine is a beautiful gemstone belonging to the beryl family. It is a variety of the mineral beryl that shows pale-blue to light-green colors. This stone is transparent to translucent, meaning light can pass through it easily. It is part of a group that includes emerald, morganite, and heliodor. Because it is fairly common, aquamarine is more accessible to buy than many other beryl gems. Its name comes from the Latin words for water and sea. This connection to the ocean has shaped how people view the stone for centuries.

Aquamarin
Aquamarin

The color of an aquamarine is caused by trace amounts of iron. This iron is found within the crystal structure itself. The color can range from very pale to quite vibrant. The stone grows in a hexagonal crystal system. This means it forms prismatic crystals with a six-sided shape. These crystals can be tiny or enormous in size. They often have faces with vertical lines called striations. The shine, or lustre, of the stone ranges from vitreous to resinous. When cut and polished correctly, it can have a glass-like brilliance.

Aquamarin
Aquamarin

Aquamarine forms through specific geological processes over millions of years. One common way is in granite pegmatites. Pegmatites are coarse-grained igneous rocks. They form from the last parts of granitic magma to crystallize. This leftover magma is rich in volatile elements. It contains high amounts of minerals like silicon, aluminum, and beryllium. Beryllium is a necessary component for aquamarine to grow. Although beryllium is uncommon in the Earth's crust, it concentrates in these settings.

Aquamarine in pegmatitic granite 1 (49052222392)
Aquamarine in pegmatitic granite 1 (49052222392)

Another way aquamarine forms is through hydrothermal fluids. These are hot, mineral-rich solutions that move through the Earth. As these fluids move, they can precipitate into minerals like aquamarine. This often happens in veins of metamorphic rocks. Aquamarine is frequently found alongside other minerals. These include muscovite, quartz, and feldspars like albite or microcline. It can also be found with minerals like schorl, fluorite, and pyrite. Many different countries produce these gems, including Brazil, Pakistan, and the United States. The state of Minas Gerais in Brazil is a major source.

Aquamarine in pegmatitic granite 1 (49052222392)
Aquamarine in pegmatitic granite 1 (49052222392)

Humans have a long history with this gemstone. Ancient sailors used it as a lucky charm. They believed it came from the treasure chests of mermaids. They hoped it would protect them from shipwrecks. Ancient Romans thought the stone had healing properties. They believed this because the stone becomes almost invisible when submerged in water. The Ancient Greeks used aquamarine to create intaglios, which are carved gems. In China, the stone was used for seals and dolls. The Japanese used it to make small carvings called netsuke.

Roman - Intaglio of Julia Domna - Walters 421218
Roman - Intaglio of Julia Domna - Walters 421218

Many famous and massive aquamarines exist in history. The Dom Pedro is the largest known cut aquamarine. It was found in Brazil in the late 1980s. It weighs roughly 4.6 pounds, which is 10,363 carats. It is now in the National Museum of Natural History. The Roosevelt Aquamarine is the second largest cut specimen. It weighs 1,298 carats and was a gift to Eleanor Roosevelt in 1936. Other notable pieces include the Hirsch Aquamarine and Queen Elizabeth's Tiara. Meghan Markle also wears a famous aquamarine ring that once belonged to Princess Diana.

Dom Pedro Aquamarine
Dom Pedro Aquamarine

Aquamarine is a very durable gem for everyday use. It has a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. This scale measures how much a mineral resists being scratched. Because it is hard, it is suitable for jewelry like rings and necklaces. However, you should still store it alone to prevent scratches. You can clean it with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Beyond jewelry, aquamarine powder is used in cosmetics. It acts as a binding and skin-protecting ingredient.

Aquamarine, platinum, and diamond brooch-pendant - NARA - 192417
Aquamarine, platinum, and diamond brooch-pendant - NARA - 192417
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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Aquamarin.png
Aquamarin.png
File:Aquamarine in pegmatitic granite 1 (49052222392).jpg
Aquamarine in pegmatitic granite 1...
File:Elizabeth II Southern Cross.png
Elizabeth II Southern Cross.png
File:Aquamarine, platinum, and diamond brooch-pendant - NARA - 192417.gif
Aquamarine, platinum, and diamond...
File:Roman - Intaglio of Julia Domna - Walters 421218.jpg
Roman - Intaglio of Julia Domna - Walters...
File:Natural History Museum - Aquamarine, Minas Gerais.jpg
Natural History Museum - Aquamarine,...
File:Dom Pedro Aquamarine.jpg
Dom Pedro Aquamarine.jpg
File:Jean schlumberger per tiffany & co., spilla fiocco schlumberger, con acquamarina da 148,5 carati, diamanti, platino e oro.jpg
Jean schlumberger per tiffany & co.,...
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