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Antony Flew

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Antony Garrard Newton Flew was a prominent English philosopher.

He was a member of the analytic and evidentialist schools of thought. These traditions emphasize using logic and empirical evidence to examine ideas. Flew focused much of his professional career on the philosophy of religion. This field explores the nature of belief, faith, and the existence of a god. He held teaching positions at several major institutions. These included the universities of Oxford, Aberdeen, Keele, and Reading in the United Kingdom. He also taught at York University in Toronto, Canada.

For much of his career, Flew was a well-known advocate for atheism. He argued that one should start with the presupposition of atheism. This idea suggests that people should not assume a god exists until empirical evidence appears. He detailed this view in his 1976 book, "The Presumption of Atheism." This concept became very influential in the 20th century. Many modern atheists use his ideas to argue that the burden of proof rests on those claiming a god exists. Flew also criticized several other religious concepts. He questioned the possibility of life after death and the free will defense regarding the problem of evil.

Flew contributed significant ideas to the study of logic. In his 1975 book, "Thinking About Thinking," he developed the "No true Scotsman" fallacy. This is a way to identify a flaw in an argument. He also engaged in high-level debates with other thinkers. For example, he debated the concept of retrocausality with Michael Dummett in 1954. He also debated the philosopher William Lane Craig in 1998. Flew's work often involved testing whether religious claims could be falsified. He argued that if a claim cannot be tested or proven wrong, it might be vacuous.

Flew's early life and education shaped his intellectual path. He was born in London to a Methodist minister, Robert Newton Flew. He attended St Faith's School in Cambridge and Kingswood School in Bath. By the age of 15, he believed there was no god. During the Second World War, he served as a Royal Air Force intelligence officer. He also studied Japanese at the University of London. After the war, he earned a first-class degree from St John's College, Oxford, in 1947. He later won the prestigious John Locke Scholarship in Mental Philosophy.

In 2004, Flew made a decision that shocked the academic world. He announced that he had changed his position on the existence of a god. He stated that he now believed in an intelligent designer of the universe. This shift was not a conversion to a specific religion like Christianity or Islam. Instead, he identified as a Deist. He specifically embraced a belief in the Aristotelian God. This is often described as a "Divine Watchmaker." This concept suggests a creator made the universe but remains removed from human affairs.

Flew explained his change of mind through scientific and philosophical reasoning. He pointed to the difficulty of explaining the origin of life through naturalistic theories. Specifically, he found the origin of DNA and the first reproducing species to be a major mystery. He argued that mindless matter could not easily produce beings with self-replication capabilities. In 2007, he published "There is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind." This book was written with Roy Abraham Varghese. While Flew acknowledged Varghese did much of the writing, he insisted the book represented his true views.

Flew's career also included involvement in political philosophy. He was a right-wing libertarian-leaning conservative. He held positions in the Conservative Monday Club and the Western Goals Institute. He often opposed the concept of social justice and the redistribution of wealth. Throughout his life, Flew maintained a strict commitment to his method of reasoning. He claimed he simply followed the evidence wherever it led him. He died on April 8, 2010, in Reading, England, while suffering from dementia. His journey from a famous atheist to a deist remains a significant topic in philosophical study.

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