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Algiers

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Algiers is the capital city of Algeria.

Algeri08
Algeri08

It sits in the north-central part of the country. The city is located on the Mediterranean Sea. It lies along the Bay of Algiers. The surrounding landscape includes the Mitidja Plain. Major mountain ranges also border the area.

ISS067-E-248750 - View of Earth
ISS067-E-248750 - View of Earth

Algiers is a massive urban center. It is the largest city in Algeria. It ranks as the third-largest city on the Mediterranean. In the Arab world, it is the sixth-largest city. By population, it is the 29th-largest city in Africa. In 2025, the urban area held about 4.325 million people.

The name Algiers comes from the Arabic name al-Jazā'ir. This means "The Islands."

Algiers islets
Algiers islets

The name refers to four main islands off the western cape. These islands were eventually connected to the mainland. This happened in 1525 AD via the Kheireddine pier. Before this, the city was known as Jazaʾir Banī Mazghanna. This name meant "islands of Mazghanna." This term was used by the Hammadid dynasty. It was also used by early medieval geographers. The ancient Greeks called the town Icosium.

Algiers and Bejaia by Piri Reis
Algiers and Bejaia by Piri Reis

They believed twenty companions of Hercules founded it. The city is also called al bidha. This means "the white" because of its whitewashed buildings. It is also called "the joyous" or "the good-guarded."

The history of the site is very long. It began as a Phoenician trading settlement. This happened between 1200 and 250 BC. The town was known as Ikosim during this time. Later, the Numidian nation controlled the region. The Roman Empire also ruled the area. It was a Roman municipium under Emperor Vespasian. The Vandal Kingdom took control in 435 AD. Later, the Eastern Roman Empire regained it in 534 AD. The Umayyad Caliphate brought Islamic rule in the late 7th century.

This era changed the culture of North Africa forever.

In 1516, the city became an Ottoman power. The brothers Oruç Reis and Hayreddin Barbarossa seized the town. They expelled the Spanish forces. Algiers then became the capital of the Ottoman Regency.

Hussein dey portrait
Hussein dey portrait

It served as a chief seat for Barbary pirates. This was due to its location between economic spheres. Piracy became a primary economic activity for the city. During the 17th century, many inhabitants were enslaved Europeans. In 1830, France invaded the city. This ended Ottoman rule. Algiers then served as the capital of French Algeria.

During World War II, it was a center for Free France. This lasted from 1942 to 1944. It returned to French rule after that. Finally, the Algerian Revolution of 1962 established the modern state.

Algiers is a diverse metropolis today. It features many different architectural styles. The historic Casbah is a major site. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Ketchaoua Mosque - Architectural and Cultural Heritage of the Casbah of Algiers 3
Ketchaoua Mosque - Architectural and Cultural Heritage of the Casbah of Algiers 3

The Casbah shows Algerian, Ottoman, and Andalusian architecture. There is also a larger section built by the French. This area shows various colonial urban influences. The city is a main destination for tourists. Visitors explore many museums and art galleries.

Jardin d’essai du hamma , Alger
Jardin d’essai du hamma , Alger

These institutions help preserve the city's complex history. The city blends indigenous and colonial styles.

The city is a major center for business and sports. It hosts many international sporting events. For example, it hosted the 1975 Mediterranean Games.

Many large institutions are based here. The Sonatrach Petroleum Corporation is located in the city. Air Algérie also operates from Algiers. The Bank of Algeria is another major institution. The city is the seat of the Arab Maghreb Union. It is a vital hub for the regional economy.

Station Tafourah - Grande Poste - 2025-05-03 - IMG 135
Station Tafourah - Grande Poste - 2025-05-03 - IMG 135

Modern Algiers is connected by many systems. It has a complex network of transport. This includes the metro and suburban trains.

The city's growth has been significant over time. It spans many different communes. It does not have its own separate governing body. Instead, it is the capital of the Algiers Province. The city remains a vital link in North Africa. It connects ancient Mediterranean history with modern life. The city continues to grow and evolve every day.

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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
File:Algiers islets.svg
Algiers islets.svg
File:Civitates orbis terrarum. De praecipuis totius universi urbibus. Liber secundus (page 128).jpg
Civitates orbis terrarum. De praecipuis...
File:Duquesne fait liberer des captifs chretiens apres le bombardement d Alger en 1683.jpg
Duquesne fait liberer des captifs...
File:Algiers and Bejaia by Piri Reis.jpg
Algiers and Bejaia by Piri Reis.jpg
File:Ottoman cannon end of 16th century length 385cm cal 178mm weight 2910 stone projectile founded 8 October 1581 Alger seized 1830.jpg
Ottoman cannon end of 16th century length...
File:Atlas Van der Hagen-KW1049B13 058-The City of ALGIER.jpeg
Atlas Van der Hagen-KW1049B13 058-The...
File:Thomas Luny - Bombardment of Algiers.jpg
Thomas Luny - Bombardment of Algiers.jpg
File:Hussein dey portrait.jpg
Hussein dey portrait.jpg
File:Keys of Algiers 1830.jpg
Keys of Algiers 1830.jpg
File:Bombardement d'Alger - 1830 (cropped) (cropped2).jpg
Bombardement d'Alger - 1830 (cropped)...
File:Algiers CNE-v1-p58-J.jpg
Algiers CNE-v1-p58-J.jpg
1962-03-22 Algeria tense cease fire.ogv

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