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Albatross

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Albatrosses are huge seabirds that spend much of their lives over the ocean.

Diomedea exulans in flight - SE Tasmania
Diomedea exulans in flight - SE Tasmania

They live in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific. These birds belong to a group called the tubenoses. This name comes from the long nostrils on the sides of their bills.

Diomedea epomophora portrait - SE Tasmania
Diomedea epomophora portrait - SE Tasmania

Albatrosses are very efficient at flying long distances. They use special ways to fly called dynamic soaring and slope soaring. These methods let them travel across the sea with very little effort. They eat fish, squid, and krill by diving or grabbing food from the water's surface.

Life for an albatross involves many interesting steps. First, they find a mate through ritualised dances. These dances help the pair form a bond that can last for their whole lives. Most albatrosses are colonial, meaning they nest in large groups on remote islands.

Laysan Albatross and chicks, Midway Island 1958
Laysan Albatross and chicks, Midway Island 1958

When it is time to breed, a female lays just one egg. It takes a long time for the chick to grow up. The whole process from laying the egg to the chick flying away can take over a year. They also have a special way to handle salt. They have a salt gland near their eyes that removes salt from the seawater they drink.

Scientists have studied these birds for a very long time. In 1956, a man named Chandler Robbins first banded a Laysan albatross named Wisdom.

Wisdom lives on Midway Island and is the oldest wild bird known to the world. The names for these birds have many histories. The word "albatross" may come from an Arabic word for a diver. The name for their group, Procellariiformes, comes from a Latin word for a storm. This fits well because these birds live in windy, stormy oceans.

There are many different types of albatrosses. Most researchers agree there are 21 different species.

Albatross phylogeny png
Albatross phylogeny png

These species are divided into four main groups called genera. These include the great albatrosses, the mollymawks, the North Pacific albatrosses, and the sooty albatrosses. Many of these birds face hard jobs to survive today. Out of the 22 species recognized by the IUCN, 21 are facing some kind of trouble. Some are listed as vulnerable, while others are endangered or even critically endangered.

We can see how albatrosses connect to our world through the challenges they face. Humans have impacted their lives in many ways. In the past, people hunted them for their feathers. Today, new problems like pollution and overfishing make it hard for them to find food.

Albatross hook
Albatross hook

One of the biggest dangers is longline fishing. This happens when birds are attracted to the bait on fishing lines and get hooked. Other animals, like rats and feral cats, can also be a threat to their eggs and chicks. Many people, including governments and fishing groups, are working hard to help them.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Black-browed Albatross skeleton.jpg
Black-browed Albatross skeleton.jpg
File:Albatross phylogeny png.png
Albatross phylogeny png.png
File:Black footed albatross.jpg
Black footed albatross.jpg
File:Diomedea epomophora portrait - SE Tasmania.jpg
Diomedea epomophora portrait - SE Tasmania.jpg
File:Phoebastria albatrus1.jpg
Phoebastria albatrus1.jpg
File:Diomedea exulans in flight - SE Tasmania.jpg
Diomedea exulans in flight - SE Tasmania.jpg
File:Diomedeidae distribution.png
Diomedeidae distribution.png
File:Laysan Albatross and chicks, Midway Island 1958.jpg
Laysan Albatross and chicks, Midway...
File:Light sooty albatross flying.jpg
Light sooty albatross flying.jpg
File:Albatross chick at Northwest Hawaiian Islands National Monument, Midway Atoll, 2007March01.jpg
Albatross chick at Northwest Hawaiian...
File:Albatroz - Panorama 1837.jpg
Albatroz - Panorama 1837.jpg
File:Albatross hook.jpg
Albatross hook.jpg

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