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African Union

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The African Union, often called the AU, is a continental union of 55 member states.

Emblem of the African Union
Emblem of the African Union

These nations are all located across the continent of Africa. The union represents more than 1.5 billion people. It covers a massive geographic area that includes landmarks like the Nile and the Sahara. The primary goal of the AU is to create unity and solidarity among African nations. It also works to protect the sovereignty and independence of its member states. By working together, these countries hope to play a larger role in the global economy and international negotiations.

To manage such a large group, the AU uses several specialized political and administrative bodies. The highest decision-making organ is the Assembly of the African Union. This assembly consists of the heads of state and government from every member state. They meet semi-annually to make the most important decisions for the continent. The AU Commission serves as the secretariat, which means it handles the daily administration and coordination. This commission is headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Other important bodies include the Pan-African Parliament, which has 265 elected members.

Regions of the African Union
Regions of the African Union

This parliament is located in Midrand, South Africa, and aims to include civil society in democratic governance.

The AU operates through a complex system of councils and committees. The Executive Council is made up of foreign ministers from member states. They prepare the material that the Assembly will eventually discuss and approve. There is also a Permanent Representatives Committee, which consists of ambassadors based in Addis Ababa. For security, the union uses the Peace and Security Council (PSC). The PSC was established in 2004 to act as an early-warning arrangement. It helps the union respond to conflicts and manage peace-building efforts.

Additionally, the Economic, Social, and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) acts as an advisory body for civil society.

The history of African unity began long before the current AU was formed. In April 1958, the First Congress of Independent African States was held in Accra, Ghana. This event helped spark the movement to free the continent from colonial rule. On May 25, 1963, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was established in Addis Ababa.

Emperor Haile Selassie with President Jomo Kenyatta and others
Emperor Haile Selassie with President Jomo Kenyatta and others

The OAU was formed by 32 signatory governments. However, some critics called the OAU the "Dictators' Club" because it did not always protect citizens from their own leaders. In the mid-1990s, leaders began looking for a way to improve this system.

In September 1999, the Sirte Declaration was announced in Sirte, Libya.

Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678
Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678

This declaration called for the official establishment of the African Union. Following this, summits were held in Lomé in 2000 and Lusaka in 2001 to finalize the plans. The AU was officially launched on July 9, 2002, in Durban, South Africa. Thabo Mbeki, the former head of state of South Africa, served as the first chairperson. The OAU was disbanded on the same day the AU was launched to make way for this new organization.

The AU has many specific objectives aimed at improving life on the continent. It works to promote sustainable development and the integration of African economies. The union also encourages international cooperation while respecting the United Nations Charter. One major focus is the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health. The AU also strives to advance science and technology through research. To handle the diversity of the continent, the union uses six primary working languages. These are Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swahili.

The union's influence is growing on the global stage. In 2023, during a G20 meeting in New Delhi, India, the African Union was admitted as a member.

The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh addressing the First India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi on April 08, 2008
The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh addressing the First India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi on April 08, 2008

This made the AU the twenty-first member of the G20 group. The union also engages in peacekeeping missions to maintain stability. For example, AU troops have been deployed in Burundi and Somalia. In Sudan, the AU provided peacekeeping during the Darfur Conflict until the mission was handed over to the United Nations in 2008. Through these actions, the AU continues to shape the future of Africa and its place in the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Emperor Haile Selassie with President Jomo Kenyatta and others.jpg
Emperor Haile Selassie with President...
File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg
Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi,...
File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg
Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro...
File:Vertice Italia Africa (68).jpg
Vertice Italia Africa (68).jpg
File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh addressing the First India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi on April 08, 2008.jpg
The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh...
File:P20221215AS-1181 (52651359240).jpg
P20221215AS-1181 (52651359240).jpg
File:GSPC map.png
GSPC map.png
File:Coup belt.svg
Coup belt.svg
File:Eritrea - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
Eritrea - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
File:AMISOM Kismayo Advance 15 (8049962361).jpg
AMISOM Kismayo Advance 15 (8049962361).jpg
File:Regions of the African Union.svg
Regions of the African Union.svg
File:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg
Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg

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