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Adonis (poet)

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Ali Ahmad Said Esber is a Syrian poet, essayist, and translator. He is widely known by his pen name, Adonis. Many scholars consider him the greatest living poet of the Arab world. He led a modernist revolution during the second half of the 20th century. This movement had a seismic influence on Arabic poetry. Some critics compare his impact to that of T.S. Eliot in the English-speaking world. His massive body of work includes twenty volumes of poetry and thirteen volumes of literary criticism. He has also translated twelve books into Arabic. These include the works of Saint-John Perse and Yves Bonnefoy. He also completed the first full Arabic translation of Ovid's "Metamorphoses" in 2002.

Adonis was born on January 1, 1930, in al-Qassabin, Syria. He grew up in a modest Alawite farming family. As a child, he could not afford formal schooling. He learned the Quran in a local kuttab, which is a mosque-affiliated school. His father also introduced him to classical Arabic poetry. In 1944, the young poet recited a poem for Shukri al-Quwatli, the president of the Republic of Syria. Al-Quwatli was impressed by the boy's talent. He helped Adonis receive a scholarship to the French lycée in Tartus. Adonis later studied law and philosophy at the Syrian University. He graduated with a BA in philosophy in 1954. He later earned a doctoral degree in Arabic literature in 1973.

At age 17, the poet chose the name Adonis for himself. He did this after several magazines rejected his real name. He wanted to alert editors to his talent. He also wanted to connect his work to pre-Islamic, pan-Mediterranean muses. His career was shaped by political and social changes. In 1955, he was imprisoned while serving in the military. This was due to his membership in the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. The party wanted a secular and progressive society. After leaving Syria, he lived in Beirut, Lebanon, starting in 1956. He eventually moved to Paris, France, in 1985. He has lived in Paris since then with his wife, Khalida Said, and their two daughters.

Adonis played a central role in changing how Arabic poetry is written. In 1957, he cofounded Majallat Shiƒ, or "Poetry Magazine," in Beirut. This was perhaps the most influential Arab literary journal ever. It served as a platform for the modernism movement. Adonis helped develop the use of free verse in Arabic. He and co-editor Yusuf al-Khal pushed poetry beyond simple experimentation. They also opposed using literature as political propaganda. Adonis believed poetry should protect the individual's imagination. He felt poetry should remain a place for examining deep ideas. He did not want writers to serve only the immediate needs of a group.

In 1968, Adonis founded another magazine called Mawaqif, which means "Positions." He wanted this quarterly to address the politics of Arab nations. This was especially important after the defeat in the Six-Day War of 1967. He believed literature must be part of a larger movement to renew society. Mawaqif featured many famous writers, such as the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish. The magazine faced many challenges over the years. It dealt with government censorship and financial problems. It also struggled during the period of the Lebanese Civil War. Despite these hurdles, the magazine remained in print until 1994.

His poetic style is often described as Neo-Sufi. This means he uses Sufi terms, which relate to Islamic mysticism. He uses these terms to express a mystical outlook in modern verse. One of his most important books is "The Songs of Mihyar of Damascus," published in 1961. This book contains 141 short lyrics arranged in seven sections. It uses a character from the eleventh century to explore new ways of using language. This collection is said to have reshaped the possibilities of Arabic lyric poetry. Another major work is "A Time Between Ashes and Roses," published in 1970. These poems were written in response to crises in Arabic culture.

Adonis also views the relationship between religion and art in a unique way. He describes himself as a "pagan mystic." He has expressed opposition to religion when it is an institution imposed on society. However, he supports individual religious freedom. He believes that religion and poetry are fundamentally different. To him, religion is an ideology that provides answers. In contrast, he believes poetry must always remain a question.

Adonis - Dayâ
Adonis - Dayâ

This philosophy drives his constant search for new meanings through language.

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