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Adelaide Anne Procter

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Adelaide Anne Procter was a prominent English poet and dedicated philanthropist.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

During the mid-19th century, she achieved immense literary popularity. She was famously known as the favorite poet of Queen Victoria. The poet Coventry Patmore ranked her as the most popular writer of her era, surpassed only by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Her work was highly valued for its sincerity and directness. Readers felt her verses were the genuine utterances of a believing heart. This popularity was reflected in her sales, as one volume went through nineteen editions between 1858 and 1881.

Procter possessed a remarkable and versatile intellect from her youth.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

As a young child, she mastered complex mathematical problems regarding Euclid. As she matured, she acquired proficiency in French, Italian, and German. She also studied piano-forte and drawing. While she was a voracious reader, she was largely self-taught. She attended Queen's College in Harley Street in 1850. This institution was founded by the Christian Socialist Frederick Maurice. It featured a faculty including novelist Charles Kingsley and composer John Hullah. Procter had a habit of moving quickly from one subject to another once she mastered it.

Her literary career began during her teenage years in the 1840s.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

Her first published poem, "Ministering Angels," appeared in 1843. She developed a significant professional relationship with Charles Dickens. Procter published 73 poems in his periodical *Household Words* and seven in *All the Year Round*. In 1853, she initially submitted work under the pseudonym "Mary Berwick." She chose this fake name to ensure her merit was judged independently of her father's reputation. Dickens did not discover her true identity until the following year. Her poems were later collected into two volumes titled *Legends and Lyrics*.

Procter's poetry was deeply shaped by her conversion to Roman Catholicism.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

Her faith influenced her choice of religious symbols and imagery. She frequently used references to the Virgin Mary in her writing. These references sometimes served to critique the gender ideologies of the Victorian era. Her themes often focused on the hardships of the working classes. She wrote extensively about homelessness, poverty, and the lives of "fallen women." Her third volume, *A Chaplet of Verses*, was published in 1861 specifically to benefit a Catholic Night Refuge for Women and Children in East London.

Beyond writing, Procter was a vital leader in feminist social movements.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

She was a member of the Langham Place Group, which sought to improve conditions for women. She helped found the *English Woman's Journal* in 1858. In 1859, she also helped establish the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women. This organization focused on expanding economic and employment opportunities for women. While she was one of many members, Jessie Boucherett described her as the "animating spirit" of the Society. Procter also served as the editor of the feminist journal *Victoria Regia*.

Procter's personal life included complex relationships and significant dedication to her causes.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

She was once engaged, but the identity of her fiancé remains unknown. The marriage never took place, and the engagement was eventually broken off. Some critics suggest she had an emotionally intense relationship with the novelist Matilda Hays. Procter dedicated her first volume of poetry to Hays. Her intense commitment to philanthropy and social work may have impacted her physical health. Dickens and others suggested her charity work taxed her strength excessively. She fell ill in 1862 and remained bed-ridden for nearly a year.

Adelaide Anne Procter died of tuberculosis on February 3, 1864, at age 38.

Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)
Victoria regia, poetry and prose (1861)

Her passing was described by the press as a "national calamity." She was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery. Although her reputation declined in the 20th century, modern scholars are re-evaluating her work. They now recognize her technical skill regarding stress and temporal dislocation. Her poem "The Lost Chord" became a massive commercial success. Arthur Sullivan set it to music in 1877, making it a hit in Britain and the United States. Her work remains a significant link between Victorian sentimentality and social critique.

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