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Abdulsalami Abubakar

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Abdulsalami Abubakar is a retired Nigerian army general. He served as the military head of state of Nigeria from 1998 to 1999.

Nigerian Public Domain 147
Nigerian Public Domain 147

His leadership was a major turning point for the nation. He helped move Nigeria from military rule back toward civilian democracy. This transition was a key moment in the country's modern history. He also served as the Chief of Defence Staff from 1997 to 1998.

Abubakar was born on June 13, 1942, in Minna, Niger State. His parents were Abubakar Jibrin and Fatikande Mohammed. He belongs to the Hausa ethnic group. He attended Minna Native Authority Primary school from 1950 to 1956. Later, he went to Government College in Bida for secondary school. From 1963 to 1963, he studied at Kaduna Technical College. These early years provided the foundation for his long military career.

His military journey began in the Nigerian Air Force. He was part of the first groups of officer cadets to join in 1963.

Defence Service Medal (Nigeria 1967-1970) - ribbon bar
Defence Service Medal (Nigeria 1967-1970) - ribbon bar

Between 1964 and 1966, he trained in Uetersen, West Germany. After returning to Nigeria in 1966, he moved to the Nigerian Army. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry division in October 1967. He held many roles, including commanding officer of the 92 infantry battalion. He even served with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon from 1978 to 1979.

Abubakar rose through the ranks to become a high-ranking general. He served as the commander of the 3rd Mechanised Brigade from 1985 to 1986. He was also the military secretary of the army from 1986 to 1988. By 1990, he was the general officer commanding the 1st mechanised division. In 1997, General Sani Abacha appointed him as the Chief of Defence Staff. When Abacha died on June 8, 1998, Abubakar became the military head of state.

Forces Service Star (Nigeria) - ribbon bar
Forces Service Star (Nigeria) - ribbon bar

He was sworn in the very next day.

During his time as leader, Abubakar focused on returning power to civilians. He promised to hold elections within one year. His government created the Independent National Electoral Commission, known as INEC.

General Service Medal (Nigeria) - ribbon bar
General Service Medal (Nigeria) - ribbon bar

Ephraim Akpata, a former Supreme Court Justice, led this commission. INEC organized several elections starting in December 1998. These included local government, state assemblies, and the presidency on February 27, 1999. On May 29, 1999, Abubakar transferred power to the elected president, Olusegun Obasanjo. This act was surprising to some critics of the military.

Abubakar also introduced economic changes during his leadership. On July 20, 1998, he announced a privatisation programme. This plan aimed to involve private investors in several industries. The government kept 40% of the equity in sectors like telecom and electricity. They also kept 40% in petroleum refineries, coal, and tourism. The remaining 40% was given to strategic investors. This move was a shift toward economic liberalization and foreign investment. It was intended to help Nigeria gain international legitimacy.

His legacy remains a subject of debate. Some people criticize him because he supported the Abacha government. The Abacha administration was known for human rights abuses.

Order of the Federal Republic (military) - Nigeria - ribbon bar
Order of the Federal Republic (military) - Nigeria - ribbon bar

In the United States, he faced legal claims regarding the death of Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Abiola was the 1993 president-elect who died in custody. However, Abubakar has also worked for peace in other nations. He led peace talks in Liberia in 2003. He also chaired a group that observed the 2002 elections in Zimbabwe.

Abubakar has received many honors for his service. These include the Grand Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic.

National Service Medal (Nigeria 1966-1970) - ribbon bar
National Service Medal (Nigeria 1966-1970) - ribbon bar

He also earned the Ufuk Dialogue Peace Award in 2022. He is married to Fati, and they have six children. His life connects the history of the Nigerian military to the growth of its democracy.

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File:Nigerian Public Domain 147.jpg
Nigerian Public Domain 147.jpg
File:Defence Service Medal (Nigeria 1967-1970) - ribbon bar.png
Defence Service Medal (Nigeria 1967-1970)...
File:Forces Service Star (Nigeria) - ribbon bar.png
Forces Service Star (Nigeria) - ribbon bar.png
File:General Service Medal (Nigeria) - ribbon bar.png
General Service Medal (Nigeria) - ribbon bar.png
File:Order of the Federal Republic (military) - Nigeria - ribbon bar.gif
Order of the Federal Republic (military)...
File:National Service Medal (Nigeria 1966-1970) - ribbon bar.png
National Service Medal (Nigeria...
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