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Physical Science articles — Page 54

Explore matter, energy, chemistry and the physical laws that help explain everyday life. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

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Thermodynamic process

Things can change in many ways. Some things go in a circle. They start and end in the same spot. Other things move from one place to another. This helps us build machines. Can you think of a machine?

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Thermodynamic state

Things have a way they are. We can see how hot they are. We can see how much space they take. This helps us know what is happening. It is like a snapshot in time. Can you feel how warm the air is?

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Thermodynamic system

A system is a group of things. It can be in a box. Some things can move in and out. Some things stay inside. This helps us learn how things work. Can you find a system near you?

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Thermodynamic temperature

Everything is made of tiny bits. These bits move around. When they move fast, things are hot. When they move slow, things are cold. At the coldest point, they almost stop. Can you feel the cold?

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Thermogravimetric analysis

A tool can weigh things. It gets very hot. We watch how much weight is left. This helps us learn about new things. It is like a tiny scale in a hot oven. Can you guess what it finds?

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Thermolabile

Some things change when they get hot. Heat can break them down. This can happen to tiny bits in our bodies. It can even happen to medicine. Heat makes them lose their power. Can you feel the heat from the sun?

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Thermostability

Some things do not change in heat. Most things break when they get hot. But some tiny parts stay strong. They can live in very hot places. This helps them do their jobs. Can you imagine being that tough?

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Thin-layer chromatography

We can use a special plate to see what is inside a mix. A liquid moves up the plate. It carries the mix with it. Some parts move fast. Other parts move slow. This makes them separate into spots. Can you see the…

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Thin lens

A thin lens is very slim. It helps move light. This light can make a new picture. You see things through them. It helps us see well. Do you like to look through a lens?

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Thiosulfate

Some salts come from sulfur. They help make colors for clothes. They also help make old photos. This helps us see things clearly. It is a very useful thing. Do you like bright colors?

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Third law of thermodynamics

Things get very still when they are cold. At the coldest point, everything stops moving. This point is called absolute zero. It is hard to reach this cold spot. We can never truly get there. Do you like the cold?

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Thomas Johann Seebeck

A man named Seebeck found a secret. He saw that heat can move things. When metal is hot and cold, it moves a tiny needle. This helps us tell how hot things are. It is a neat trick! Do you like to learn about heat?

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Thomson scattering

Light can bounce off tiny bits. These bits move when light hits them. Then, the light moves away. This helps us see the Sun. It also helps us see far space. Can you see the light?

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Three-body problem

Space has many things in it. Sometimes three things pull on each other. They move in wild ways. It is hard to know where they go. This helps us learn about the stars. Can you see them move?

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Three-phase electric power

Wires carry power to us. They use three wires to move it. This helps move power far away. It helps big machines work well. This makes our lights turn on. Can you find a wire?

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Thunder

Lightning makes a loud noise. This noise is called thunder. It happens when lightning gets the air very hot. The hot air moves very fast. This makes a big sound. It can be a loud crack or a low rumble. Do you hear…

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Thymol

Some plants have a special smell. This smell comes from thyme. It can help clean things. It is used in mouthwash too. It helps keep us healthy. Do you like the smell of thyme?

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Tidal force

The moon pulls on our world. It pulls on the water. This makes the ocean move. The water grows in big bumps. This is how tides work. Can you see the waves?

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Timbre

Sounds have a special feel. A piano sounds different from a guitar. They can play the same note. But we still know which is which. It is like a special sound color. Can you hear the difference?

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Time dilation

Time can move at different speeds. Fast things make time slow down. A clock on a fast ship ticks slowly. It might even go to the future! This helps us use maps in space. Can you imagine moving that fast?

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Time in physics

Time tells us when things happen. Long ago, people used the sun. They watched the sun move in the sky. Now, we use special clocks. These clocks are very good. They help us all stay on track. Can you tell the time?

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Time standard

We use clocks to tell time. Clocks help us know the day. Long ago, we used the Earth to tell time. Now, we use special machines. These machines are very good. They help us all stay on time. Can you look at a clock?

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Tin(IV) oxide

Some white powder comes from tin. It can be found in the ground. It helps make shiny glass and tiles. It can even help make colors for clothes. This powder is very useful. Do you like bright colors?

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Titanium nitride

This is a very hard stuff. It looks like shiny gold. We use it to protect tools. It can also be on jewelry. It is safe for the body. It stays strong for a long time. Do you like gold color?

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Titration

Scientists use a special test. They mix liquids to learn a secret. They watch for a color change. This helps them find out what is inside. It is like a science puzzle. Can you find colors in science?

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TNT

TNT is a strong stuff. It can make a big boom. It is used in mines. It helps people dig in the ground. It is very useful. Do you know what else makes a boom?

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TNT equivalent

We use a special way to measure power. It helps us know how big an explosion is. We compare it to a kind of fuel. This helps us understand big events. Can you imagine a very big blast?

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Tokamak

A tokamak is a big machine. It makes heat. It uses magnets to hold hot gas. This gas can make power for us. It is like a giant ring. Can you imagine a ring of sun heat?

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Toluene

Some liquids help us make things. They are used in glue and paint. This liquid can also be in gas for cars. It is not safe to breathe in. It can make you feel very sick. Do you use paint at home?

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Tonne

A tonne is a way to measure weight. It is used for very heavy things. It is much heavier than a small bag. It is like a big box of water. We use it to talk about big loads. Do you know something that heavy?

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Topological order

Things can be in many forms. Some are hard like a rock. Some flow like water. New things can be made from tiny bits. These bits can link in special ways. This helps us build new tools. Can you find things that are…

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Top quark

Some tiny bits make up our world. One bit is very heavy. It is called a top quark. It is a big part of how things work. We use big machines to find it. Do you like learning about tiny things?

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Torr

A torr is a way to measure push. It measures the push of the air. People use it to study space. It helps us know how much air is there. It is a very small amount. Do you like to study the air?

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Torsion (mechanics)

You can twist things. This is called torsion. It happens when you turn an object. A long rod can twist too. This can even break things like chalk. Can you twist a piece of chalk?

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Toshihide Maskawa

Toshihide Maskawa was a smart man. He studied how tiny things work. He won a very big prize. This prize helps us learn about our world. Do you like to learn new things?

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Total internal reflection

Light can act like a mirror. It can bounce off water. This happens at a certain angle. It helps us see things. It makes light travel in a line. Can you see the light bounce?

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Toughness

Some things are very tough. They can take a big hit. They do not break easily. This helps us build fast ships. It keeps us safe. Can you think of something tough?

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Toxaphene

People once used a special spray. It helped cotton plants grow. This spray was not safe for us. It can hurt animals and people. Now, we do not use it. Do you like to help the earth?

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Toxic heavy metal

Some metals can be bad for us. They are found in the ground. People can get them from food or air. They can make us feel sick. We must be careful. Do you know any metals?

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Trace element

Some things are very small. We only need a tiny bit. These small things help us grow. They help our bodies work well. They can even be in rocks. We must be careful with them. Can you find small things?

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Trajectory

A trajectory is a path. It is the way things move. Think of a ball in the air. It follows a line through the sky. This path helps us know where things go. Can you see a path in the sky?

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Transition state

Tiny bits of stuff crash together. They make a quick change. This change happens very fast. It helps make new things. It is a big, busy moment. Can you imagine tiny bits moving?

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Transition state theory

Small bits of stuff change into new things. They must pass through a special spot first. This spot helps them change. It is like a tiny hill to climb. This helps us know how fast they change. Can you see how they move?

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Transmission coefficient

Light can move through things. Some light goes all the way through. Some light bounces back. This helps us see colors. It is like a magic trick. Can you see light through a window? We see it every day.

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Transport phenomena

Things move in our world. Heat moves from warm to cold. Smells move through the air. Water moves too. These things help us live. Do you see things moving?

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Transuranium element

Some things are made in labs. They do not live in the ground. We make them with big tools. They can help us stay safe. One can help a smoke alarm. Can you find a smoke alarm? It helps us in our homes.

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Transverse mode

Light and radio waves move in patterns. These patterns stay in a set shape. They can move through thin glass wires. They can also move through metal tubes. This helps us send signals to you. Do you like to play with…

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Transverse wave

Some waves move in a funny way. They move up and down. But they travel in a straight line. You can see this on a drum. It is very cool! Can you find a wave today?

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