The particle model explains why solids retain shape, liquids flow with a definite volume, and gases expand to fill a container. Particles in every state remain in motion above absolute zero. Their attractions and kinetic energy influence how they are arranged. This drawing uses identical particles and highly exaggerated spacing to make the comparison visible.
Matter and chemistry · Discover & try
How can the same material have different states?
Reading level 3 of 5 · IndependentChange
Word help
state
A physical form such as solid, liquid or gas.
particle
A small representative unit in the model.
Watch · Try · Explain
See how it works
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Equal-count schematic particles; spacing, speeds and state choices are illustrative.
What to look for
- Solid particles still vibrate
- Liquid particles exchange neighbours
- Gas fills the available space
Explain what you noticed
Liquid is poured from a short cup into a taller one without spilling. What usually changes?
Keep this idea: Particle arrangement and motion change; the particles do not inflate.
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Source material checked 2026-10-28. Explanations and activities by Nepedia. Source links do not imply endorsement.
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