A bridge must carry a load across a gap to supports. A beam does this partly by bending. A triangular frame can carry squeezing forces in some members and pulling forces in others. With a centred load on this symmetric model, the supports share the upward force equally. Pulling is called tension; squeezing is called compression. Equilibrium requires applied loads and support reactions to balance. Ideal truss analysis treats straight members as carrying axial tension (a pull) or compression (a squeeze) through pin joints, while a beam model must account for bending and associated stresses. Real structures introduce additional behaviours and design requirements. Symmetric central loading and ideal connections make vertical support reactions and simple force paths possible to compare.
Engineering and scientific investigation · Discover & try
How can a bridge pass a load to its supports?
Reading level 5 of 5 · AdvancedChange
Word help
Tension
A pulling force along a member.
Compression
A squeezing force along a member.
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See how it works
The interactive activity is loading.
Ideal symmetric beam/truss force paths with a central load. Deformation is exaggerated and connections are simplified.
What to look for
- The beam bends under its central load; both supports share the load.
- The upper members are squeezed while the lower tie is pulled.
- Each equal support reaction grows from one to two model force units.
Explain what you noticed
A cable in a different structure is pulled at both ends. What name describes that internal action?
Keep this idea: Loads must reach supports, but different structural forms carry internal forces differently.
Follow the sources
- University of Colorado Boulder / TeachEngineering — Analysis of Forces in a Truss Bridge
- University of Colorado Boulder / TeachEngineering — Building Our Bridge to Fun
Source material checked 2026-10-29. Explanations and activities by Nepedia. Source links do not imply endorsement.
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