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Yi Wanyong

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Yi Wanyong was a prominent Korean politician who lived from 1858 to 1926. He served as the 7th Prime Minister of Korea during a period of massive change. He is most remembered for his role in helping Japan gain control over Korea. By signing major treaties, he facilitated the colonization of his own country. Today, his name is a common word in South Korea for a traitor. His life shows how political shifts can change the fate of a nation.

Yi's early life involved significant social changes. He was born into the Ubong Yi clan as part of a poor aristocratic family. His status changed when he became the adoptive son of Yi Ho-jun. This connection provided him with much support. He studied English and theology at Yookyoung Park. He also spent time in the United States serving as a diplomat. Initially, he worked as a pro-Russian politician in Korea.

As the power of Japan grew, Yi's political loyalties shifted. He joined the reform faction, which wanted to Westernize Korea. This group aimed to open the country to foreign trade. In 1896, he became a founding member of the Independence Club. However, he eventually moved toward a pro-Japanese stance. This transition led to his involvement in several critical historical events.

General power of attorney to Lee Wan-Yong signed and sealed by Sunjong
General power of attorney to Lee Wan-Yong signed and sealed by Sunjong

In 1905, Yi was a high-ranking government minister. He became the most outspoken supporter of the Eulsa Treaty. This treaty made the Korean Empire a protectorate of the Empire of Japan. The pact stripped Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty. Most ministers originally opposed the treaty. However, five ministers signed it under the threat of execution. Yi was among the first to change his position. These men were later called the "Five Eulsa Thieves."

Under the Japanese Resident-General Itō Hirobumi, Yi rose to become Prime Minister from 1906 to 1910. He helped force Emperor Gojong to abdicate in 1907. This happened after the Emperor tried to denounce the Eulsa Treaty in the Hague. In that same year, Yi supported the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907. This second treaty gave Japan control over Korea's domestic affairs. Because of this, he is also known as one of the "Seven Jeongmi Traitors."

His political actions led to a violent encounter in 1909. On December 22, an assassin named Lee Jae-myeong targeted Yi. The attack occurred at Jong-hyeon Catholic Church during a memorial service. Lee Jae-myeong disguised himself as a chestnut vendor to get close. He stabbed Yi three times while shouting for Korean independence. The attack damaged Yi's left lung. This injury caused him to suffer from pneumonia and lung diseases until his death.

General power of attorney to Lee Wan-Yong signed and sealed by Sunjong
General power of attorney to Lee Wan-Yong signed and sealed by Sunjong

In 1910, Yi signed the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty. This document gave Japan full control over the Korean peninsula. Emperor Sunjong refused to sign the treaty. Due to his cooperation, Japan rewarded Yi with high titles. He became a hakushaku, or Count, in 1910. In 1921, he was raised to the title of kōshaku, or Marquis. He also received the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.

Yi died in February 1926 and received a grand funeral. He had tried to hide his final resting place in the forests of Iksan. He even created decoy graves to prevent people from finding him. Despite these efforts, his true grave was eventually found and vandalized. After Korea's liberation in 1945, his grave was further damaged. In 1979, his descendants had his remains cremated and his ashes scattered. His legacy remains a subject of intense study in Korean history.

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