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Yang Hui

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Yang Hui was a highly influential Chinese mathematician and writer. He lived during the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties. He was born around 1238 in Qiantang. This city is known today as Hangzhou in the Zhejiang province. Yang Hui focused his studies on complex mathematical structures. He explored magic squares, magic circles, and the binomial theorem. He is most famous for his work involving a specific number triangle.

Yanghui triangle
Yanghui triangle

This number triangle is a tool used to find square roots and cubic roots. While often called Pascal's triangle in the West, it was actually discovered earlier by Jia Xian. Jia Xian worked around 1100 AD, about 500 years before the French mathematician Blaise Pascal. Yang Hui used this triangle to explain mathematical methods in his writings. The system was also known as the tabulation system for unlocking binomial coefficients. This method appeared in the 1303 publication by Zhu Shijie.

Yanghui triangle
Yanghui triangle

Yang Hui produced several important mathematical books. His book titled Xiángjiě Jiǔzhāng Suànfǎ contained the earliest Chinese illustrations of this triangle. Fragments of this work were preserved in the Yongle Encyclopedia. Another book, titled Rújī Shìsuǒ, was known through his contemporary, Liu Ruxie. Around 1275 AD, Yang published two more books. These were the Xùgǔ Zhāijī Suànfǎ and the Suànfǎ Tōngbiàn Běnmò. The latter is often called the Yáng Huī Suànfǎ.

Yang Hui suan fa
Yang Hui suan fa

One major part of his work involved the study of patterns and arrangements. In his writings, he described how to arrange natural numbers in specific ways. He studied magic circles, which use concentric and non-concentric circles. He also worked with magic squares. These are vertical and horizontal diagrams of complex combinatorial arrangements.

Yanghui magic square
Yanghui magic square

Yang Hui provided the specific rules required to construct these mathematical patterns.

Yang Hui was known for his rigorous and modern approach to mathematical theory. He often criticized earlier mathematicians like Li Chunfeng and Liu Yi. He believed they used methods without understanding their theoretical origins. Yang argued that mathematicians should not just change names for different problems. He insisted on knowing the true basis of every mathematical principle. This focus on proof is similar to the work of the Greek mathematician Euclid. Yang provided proofs for geometric properties involving parallelograms and rectangles.

Yanghui magic square
Yanghui magic square

Beyond geometry and patterns, Yang Hui was skilled in decimal fractions. He demonstrated how to manipulate and multiply these numbers for practical use. For example, he could multiply dimensions of a rectangular field using decimal parts. He calculated a field with a breadth of 24.68 paces and a length of 36.56 paces. His calculation resulted in an area of 902.3008. His work also included quadratic equations with negative coefficients.

Yang Hui suan fa
Yang Hui suan fa

Today, Yang Hui's legacy is honored through the Yang-Hui Award. This international award recognizes mathematicians and scientists for exceptional career contributions. It has been awarded to researchers like Salvatore Capozziello for his work on Noether symmetries. It was also given to Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou for his work in deformed quantum algebras. In 2023, Delfim F. M. Torres received the award for his mathematical modelling of COVID-19. This award was presented at a conference in Shanghai, China. His name remains a vital part of mathematical history.

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File:Yanghui triangle.gif
Yanghui triangle.gif
File:Yang Hui suan fa.jpg
Yang Hui suan fa.jpg
File:Yanghui magic square.GIF
Yanghui magic square.GIF
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