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William Shakespeare

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William Shakespeare was a legendary English playwright, poet, and actor.

Gilbert WShakespeares Plays
Gilbert WShakespeares Plays

He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language. Many people call him the "Bard of Avon" or simply "the Bard." His influence on literature is massive and continues today. His plays are performed more often than those of any other playwright. They have been translated into every major living language.

Procession of Characters from Shakespeare's Plays - Google Art Project
Procession of Characters from Shakespeare's Plays - Google Art Project

This global reach shows how universal his stories are.

Shakespeare's body of work is quite large and varied. He wrote approximately 39 plays and 154 sonnets. Sonnets are a specific form of short poetry. He also composed three long narrative poems and other verses.

First Folio, Shakespeare - 0558
First Folio, Shakespeare - 0558

His creative output can be divided into distinct stages. In his early career, he focused on comedies and histories. These are often considered some of his best works in those genres. Later, he moved into writing famous tragedies. These include masterpieces like Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. In his final phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances. Examples include The Winter's Tale and The Tempest.

Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire.

Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon
Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon

His father, John Shakespeare, was an alderman and a successful glover. His mother was Mary Arden, from an influential landowning family. While his exact birth date is unknown, he was baptized on 26 April 1564. He likely attended the King's New School in Stratford. There, he would have received an intensive education in Latin grammar. At age 18, he married Anne Hathaway. They had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith.

Shakespeare's family circle
Shakespeare's family circle

Sadly, his son Hamnet died at age 11.

Historians often refer to the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years." There are few historical records from this period. Some legends suggest he fled to London to avoid prosecution for poaching. Others claim he worked as a schoolmaster or even minded horses. However, very little evidence supports these specific stories. By 1592, he was a known figure in the London theater scene. In that same year, the playwright Robert Greene attacked him in print. Greene called him an "upstart Crow" and a "Johannes Factotum." This term means a "Jack of all trades." Greene was accusing him of trying to match university-educated writers.

Shakespeare's professional success grew alongside his acting career. He was a "sharer," or part-owner, of a company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men.

This company became the leading playing group in London. After King James I took the throne, they became the King's Men. In 1599, the company built the Globe Theatre on the south bank of the Thames. They also took over the Blackfriars indoor theatre in 1608. Shakespeare's work made him a wealthy man. He purchased New Place, the second-largest house in Stratford, in 1597. He also invested in local parish tithes.

Shakespeare's later years involved a mix of London and Stratford. He continued to act in many plays throughout his life. Some traditions suggest he played the ghost in Hamlet. He also reportedly played roles like Adam in As You Like It. Around 1613, he appears to have retired to Stratford. He died on 23 April 1616, at the age of 52. No contemporary source explains the exact cause of his death. One local vicar suggested he died of a fever after drinking too hard with friends. He had signed his will only a month before he passed away.

Much of what we know comes from the First Folio. This was a collected edition published in 1623. It was put together by his friends, John Heminges and Henry Condell.

Monument-ht6
Monument-ht6

This book included 36 of his plays. Without this publication, many of his works might have been lost. The preface included a poem by his rival, Ben Jonson. Jonson famously wrote that Shakespeare was "not of an age, but for all time."

Shakespeare grave -Stratford-upon-Avon -3June2007
Shakespeare grave -Stratford-upon-Avon -3June2007

This sentiment captures why his work remains so significant today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (37)
File:Coat of arms of William Shakespeare.svg
Coat of arms of William Shakespeare.svg
File:Speaker Icon.svg
Speaker Icon.svg
File:P culture.svg
P culture.svg
File:P history.svg
P history.svg
File:Pictogram voting comment.svg
Pictogram voting comment.svg
File:Shakespeare's King John at Drury Lane Theatre.jpg
Shakespeare's King John at Drury Lane Theatre.jpg
File:Gavin Hamilton - Coriolanus Act V, Scene III edit2.jpg
Gavin Hamilton - Coriolanus Act V, Scene...
File:A Scene from Troilus and Cressida - Angelica Kauffmann.jpg
A Scene from Troilus and Cressida -...
File:John Opie - Winter's Tale, Act II. Scene III.jpg
John Opie - Winter's Tale, Act II. Scene III.jpg
File:Procession of Characters from Shakespeare's Plays - Google Art Project.jpg
Procession of Characters from...
File:Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.jpg
Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.jpg
File:Gilbert WShakespeares Plays.jpg
Gilbert WShakespeares Plays.jpg

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