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William John Wills

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William John Wills was a British surveyor and trained surgeon. He is best remembered as the second-in-command of the Burke and Wills expedition. This group was the first to cross Australia from south to north. They traveled from the settled areas of Victoria to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Wills played a vital role in recording data during this massive journey. His work helped people understand the geography of the Australian continent.

Born on January 5, 1834, in Totnes, England, Wills grew up in Devon. As a young child, a fever caused him to have slow and hesitating speech. He was home-tutored by his father until he was 11 years old. Later, he attended St Andrew's Grammar School in Ashburton from 1845 to 1850. He also studied practical chemistry at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London in 1852. These diverse studies prepared him for a career involving both science and land measurement.

In 1852, Wills planned to migrate to Australia with his wife and sons. However, his wife did not want to leave London at that time. Because of this delay, his sons William and Thomas traveled to Melbourne alone. They arrived on January 3, 1853, aboard the Janet Mitchell. The brothers worked as shepherds for the Royal Bank Company near the Edward River. They managed a flock of 1,300 rams at the Ram Station for £30 per year.

Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861
Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861

Wills eventually moved into surveying, which is the science of measuring land. He studied complex subjects like trigonometry and Euclidean geometry. He worked under several assistants and surveyors in areas like Ballarat and St Arnaud. By 1857, he was promoted to foreman and led a field party. In 1858, he moved to Melbourne to work at the Magnetic Observatory. This facility was located at Flagstaff Hill and was used to study scientific data.

Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861
Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861

In July 1860, Wills joined the Victorian Exploring expedition. He was appointed third-in-command, surveyor, and astronomical and meteorological observer. He earned a salary of £300 a year for this role. The expedition leader was Robert O'Hara Burke. The group left Melbourne on August 20, 1860, with 19 men, 27 camels, and 23 horses. After an argument caused George James Landells to resign, Wills was promoted to second-in-command.

Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861
Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861

The journey to the north was a major scientific and geographic undertaking. Burke, Wills, John King, and Charley Gray reached the Flinders River in February 1861. They were near the Gulf of Carpentaria, but heavy rains and swamps blocked their view of the ocean. The return journey was extremely difficult due to starvation and exposure. Tropical monsoon rains also made travel very slow. Charley Gray died shortly before the remaining three men reached the depot at Cooper Creek.

Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861
Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861

The expedition faced a tragic end near the Cooper Creek depot. When the men arrived on April 21, 1861, the depot party had already left. William Brahe had waited 18 weeks at the site before departing. He left food and a note under a tree, now called the Dig Tree. Burke and Wills tried to reach Mount Hopeless but failed. Wills became too exhausted to continue. He died alone at Breerily Waterhole in June 1861 at age 27.

Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861
Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861

Despite the loss, the expedition remains a significant part of Australian history. John King survived the journey because a group of Aborigines helped him. He was rescued in September by Alfred William Howitt. In 1862, Howitt recovered the bodies of Burke and Wills. They were taken to Melbourne, where they were laid in state for two weeks. A state funeral was held for the explorers on January 23, 1863.

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File:Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861.jpg
Statue of William John Wills, 1834 - 1861.jpg
File:Graves of Robert O'Hara Burke (1821–1861) and William John Wills (1834–1861) at Melbourne General Cemetery 2.jpg
Graves of Robert O'Hara Burke (1821–1861)...
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