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Wattieza

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Wattieza is a genus of prehistoric trees. These plants lived during the Middle Devonian period. This was approximately 385 million years ago. They belong to a group called cladoxylopsids. This group includes close relatives of modern ferns and horsetails.

Wattieza casasii
Wattieza casasii

These plants are significant because they are among the earliest known trees. They helped form some of the very first forests on Earth. Understanding Wattieza helps scientists see how plant life changed over time.

The structure of Wattieza was very different from modern trees. Instead of having leaves, they possessed large fronds. Fronds are long, leaf-like parts of a plant. These plants reproduced using spores rather than seeds.

Wattieza trunk
Wattieza trunk

The trees grew quite large for their time. They could reach heights of 8 meters or more. This is more than 26 feet tall. This height allowed them to stand out in early landscapes.

For a long time, the full plant remained a mystery. In 1870, fossilized stumps were discovered in Gilboa, New York. These were known as the "Gilboa stumps." At that time, scientists described them as Eospermatopteris. However, they did not know what the top of the plant looked like.

Wattieza trunk
Wattieza trunk

The connection between the stump and the crown was missing for over a century.

A major discovery changed this understanding in 2005. Researchers found fossils in Schoharie County, New York. These fossils provided the crown of the plant. This discovery united the crown to the root and trunk known since 1870. The scientific community learned about this find in 2007.

Wattieza casasii
Wattieza casasii

This connection finally resolved the enigma of the Gilboa stumps.

There are specific species within this genus. One is Wattieza givetiana, described by François Stockmans in 1968. He found fossil fronds in the London-Brabant Massif in Belgium. Another species is Wattieza casasii. This was described by Chris Berry in 2000.

Wattieza casasii
Wattieza casasii

This species was identified using fossil branches and many other fragments. The name honors Jhonny Casas, who helped discover the original material.

Scientists found Wattieza casasii in the Perija Range in Zulia, Venezuela. The fossils were located near the Cano Colorado river. They come from the lower member of the Campo Chico Formation. This area contains dark grey to green mudstones and shales. It also contains medium-coarse-grained sandstones near the base.

Wattieza trunk
Wattieza trunk

These geological layers help preserve the history of the plant.

Today, these important fossils are kept in museums for study. Some pieces of Wattieza casasii are held at the National Museum Cardiff in Wales. Other fragments are at the Museo de Biologia at the University of Zulia in Venezuela.

Wattieza casasii
Wattieza casasii

Studying these specimens allows researchers to learn more about the Middle Devonian. These fossils connect the history of early plants to the complex forests we see today.

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File:Wattieza casasii.jpg
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File:Wattieza trunk.jpg
Wattieza trunk.jpg
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