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W. B. Yeats

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William Butler Yeats was a major figure in 20th-century literature.

William Butler Yeats by John Butler Yeats 1900
William Butler Yeats by John Butler Yeats 1900

He was an Irish poet, dramatist, writer, and literary critic. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival. This movement sought to celebrate and restore Irish culture. Along with Lady Gregory and John Millington Synge, he founded the Abbey Theatre. He served as the theater's leader during its early years. His contributions to writing earned him the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Yeats1923
Yeats1923

Beyond art, he served two terms as a Senator of the Irish Free State.

Yeats was born in Sandymount, Ireland, in 1865.

WB Yeats nd
WB Yeats nd

He came from a highly artistic family of Anglo-Irish Protestant descent. His father, John Butler Yeats, was a successful portrait painter. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen, belonged to a wealthy merchant family. The family spent much time in County Sligo. This landscape became his "country of the heart."

William Butler Yeats
William Butler Yeats

The sea cliffs and hills of Sligo provided both personal and symbolic meaning to his work. His siblings were also involved in the arts. His brother Jack was an esteemed painter. His sisters, Elizabeth and Susan Mary, worked in the Arts and Crafts movement.

His education was varied and sometimes difficult.

Portrait drawing of WB Yeats by JS Sargent
Portrait drawing of WB Yeats by JS Sargent

He attended schools in Dublin and London. At the Godolphin School, his academic performance was described as "only fair." He struggled with mathematics and languages. Some suggest he may have had dyslexia or was tone deaf. However, he was deeply fascinated by biology and zoology. He also studied at the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin. These diverse interests helped shape his observant and detailed writing style.

Yeats's poetic style changed significantly over his lifetime.

Yeats Boughton
Yeats Boughton

His early work was influenced by poets like John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley. These poems were often slow-paced, lyrical, and modernist. They were sometimes described as being in a "vast murmurous gloom of dreams." This first phase lasted until the end of the 19th century. Around 1900, his poetry shifted. It became more physical, realistic, and politicized. He moved away from the transcendental beliefs of his youth toward more concrete themes.

Throughout his life, Yeats maintained a deep interest in the occult.

maudgonne
maudgonne

He studied mysticism, spiritualism, astrology, and theosophy. He was a member of the paranormal research group known as The Ghost Club. In 1890, he joined the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. He even took a magical motto: "Devil is God inverted." Yeats claimed that magic was the center of his thoughts and writing. He believed these mystical studies were essential to his creative process. This interest in the unseen world heavily influenced his later poetry.

Yeats's work is filled with specific, celebrated titles.

WBYeats1908
WBYeats1908

His major plays include *The Land of Heart's Desire* (1894) and *Deirdre* (1907). His famous poems include "The Wild Swans at Coole" (1919) and works found in *The Tower* (1928). He also promoted younger poets, such as Ezra Pound. His writing helped document the changing identity of Ireland. As the Protestant Ascendancy lost power, Yeats explored what it meant to be Irish. His work helped create a biography of his country through literature.

His legacy is tied to the political and social shifts of his era.

W. B. Yeats 1922
W. B. Yeats 1922

The rise of Irish nationalism in the late 19th century impacted his outlook. He lived through a period where Irish Catholics became more prominent. This historical tension is reflected in his explorations of national identity. Yeats was not just a writer but a public figure in a changing nation. He died in 1939 and was buried in Drumcliffe.

WB Yeats Grave Drumcliffe
WB Yeats Grave Drumcliffe

His final resting place sits in the shadow of the Dartry Mountains.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:William Butler Yeats by John Butler Yeats 1900.jpg
William Butler Yeats by John Butler Yeats 1900.jpg
File:Yeats Boughton.jpg
Yeats Boughton.jpg
File:maudgonne.jpg
maudgonne.jpg
File:WB Yeats nd.jpg
WB Yeats nd.jpg
File:Portrait drawing of WB Yeats by JS Sargent.jpg
Portrait drawing of WB Yeats by JS Sargent.jpg
File:WBYeats1908.jpg
WBYeats1908.jpg
File:W. B. Yeats 1922.jpg
W. B. Yeats 1922.jpg
File:Walter de la Mare, Bertha Georgie Yeats (née Hyde-Lees), William Butler Yeats, unknown woman by Lady Ottoline Morrell.jpg
Walter de la Mare, Bertha Georgie Yeats...
File:Yeats1923.jpg
Yeats1923.jpg
File:William Butler Yeats.jpg
William Butler Yeats.jpg
File:WB Yeats Grave Drumcliffe.jpg
WB Yeats Grave Drumcliffe.jpg
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