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Video game design

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Video game design is the complex process of creating the rules, content, and interactive experiences within a digital game.

Video Game Design on Paper at Game Jam
Video Game Design on Paper at Game Jam

In the professional industry, this is often simply called "game design." The role of a designer is similar to that of a film director. They act as the visionaries who oversee both the artistic and technical elements of a project. This work is divided into two main stages. During pre-production, designers focus on establishing the rules and core concepts. During the production stage, they develop the gameplay, environments, storylines, and characters.

The design process typically begins with a single concept or a variation of an existing idea. A designer often experiments by mixing different game genres together. To organize this idea, they produce a game design document. This document serves as a central resource for the entire development team. It includes the game's setting, story, target audience, and feature list. It also contains essential logistical details like the budget, required staff, and project schedule. Throughout development, designers must make constant decisions to ensure the game remains consistent with its original vision. They must also balance these choices against hardware limitations and available budgets.

Modern game development involves many specialized subdisciplines. System design is the creation of the game's underlying mathematical patterns and rules. These systems act as a simulation that reacts to the player's actions. Content design involves adding complexity to a "minimum viable product." This includes creating items, puzzles, missions, and characters that increase the game's value.

UnrealCharacter
UnrealCharacter

World design focuses on the backstory, setting, and theme. A world designer might create a map that serves as a logistical guide for the rest of the team. Level design is the actual construction of these game environments. Level designers use lighting, color, and framing to guide a player's attention or even mislead them.

Edge (video game) level layout
Edge (video game) level layout

Finally, user interface (UI) design manages how players interact with the game through menus and displays.

As games have grown more complex, the structure of design teams has changed. In the early days of the industry, a single programmer often handled all design tasks. Notable figures like Sid Meier, John Romero, Chris Sawyer, and Will Wright worked in this manner. However, as computers and consoles became more powerful, the job of the designer became a separate profession. Today, large companies like Electronic Arts use massive teams for a single title. In these environments, a game might have dozens of designers. There are usually one or two principal designers who oversee the project. They are supported by multiple junior designers who manage specific subsystems or subsets of the game.

Different philosophies exist regarding how these teams are managed. Some studios follow an "auteur model," which emphasizes a single creative lead. Other studios prefer a more team-oriented model. In large corporations, different aspects of a game, such as control or level design, may each have their own dedicated producer and lead designer. The role of the lead designer is to coordinate the work of others and maintain team communication. They are responsible for making large design decisions and presenting the game's progress to those outside the immediate team. They must be both technically and artistically capable to succeed.

Games are often developed with specific motivations in mind. Most games are market-driven, meaning they are developed by publishers to be sold for profit. However, some games are technology-driven, such as the 1996 game Quake, which was designed to showcase hardware achievements. Other games are art-driven, like Myst (1993) or Journey (2012), which focus on impressive visuals. There is also a growing movement of designer-driven or "indie" games. These are often supported by alternative funding methods like crowdfunding or Early Access. This allows creators to make decisions that are not strictly influenced by financial pressures.

Professional compensation for designers has evolved significantly over time. In 2010, a designer with over six years of experience earned an average of US$65,000. Lead designers with more than six years of experience earned around $75,000 at that time. By 2013, the figures shifted, with experienced designers earning an average of $105,000. By 2015, experienced workers saw an average shift to approximately US$87,000. As of January 17, 2020, the average annual pay for a game designer in the United States reached $130,000. This economic reality reflects the increasing importance of the profession in the global economy.

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File:UnrealCharacter.png
UnrealCharacter.png
File:Edge (video game) level layout.png
Edge (video game) level layout.png
File:Video Game Design on Paper at Game Jam.jpg
Video Game Design on Paper at Game Jam.jpg
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